dead—weights loss

简明释义

重负损失

英英释义

例句

1.In economics, dead-weight loss 无谓损失 occurs when market equilibrium is not achieved.

在经济学中，当市场均衡未能实现时，会发生无谓损失。

2.The introduction of price controls can lead to dead-weight loss 无谓损失 for both consumers and producers.

价格管制的引入可能会导致消费者和生产者都面临无谓损失。

3.The company is facing significant dead-weight loss 无谓损失 due to inefficient resource allocation.

由于资源配置效率低下，公司正面临显著的无谓损失。

4.Reducing dead-weight loss 无谓损失 is essential for improving economic efficiency.

减少无谓损失对于提高经济效率至关重要。

5.High taxes can create a dead-weight loss 无谓损失 in the economy.

高税收可能在经济中造成无谓损失。

作文

In economics, the term dead-weight loss refers to the loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the equilibrium for a good or service is not achieved or is not achievable. This situation often arises due to market distortions such as taxes, subsidies, tariffs, or monopolies. The concept is crucial for understanding how government interventions can lead to inefficiencies in the market. When a market is operating efficiently, the quantity of goods produced and consumed is at an optimal level, maximizing total welfare. However, when there is a dead-weight loss, it means that there are potential gains from trade that are not being realized, leading to a decrease in overall economic welfare.For example, consider a market where a tax is imposed on a product. This tax increases the price that consumers pay while simultaneously reducing the price that producers receive. As a result, the quantity of the good traded in the market decreases compared to the equilibrium quantity that would exist without the tax. This reduction in trade creates a triangle on the supply and demand graph, which represents the dead-weight loss. The area of this triangle signifies the lost welfare that neither the consumer nor the producer receives due to the tax. Essentially, both parties are worse off because the tax has distorted the natural market equilibrium.Moreover, dead-weight loss is not only limited to taxation. It can also occur in various scenarios, such as when a monopoly sets prices above the competitive level. In a monopoly, the lack of competition allows the monopolist to restrict output to maximize profits, leading to fewer goods being available to consumers than would be the case in a competitive market. This restriction results in a dead-weight loss because there are consumers who would have purchased the product at a lower price but are unable to do so at the higher monopoly price.Understanding dead-weight loss is essential for policymakers as they design regulations and interventions in the market. The goal should be to minimize such losses while achieving desired social outcomes. For instance, when considering environmental regulations, a balance must be struck between protecting the environment and maintaining economic efficiency. If regulations are too stringent, they may create significant dead-weight loss by stifling production and innovation.In conclusion, the concept of dead-weight loss is vital for analyzing the efficiency of markets and the impact of government policies. By recognizing the conditions under which dead-weight loss occurs, economists and policymakers can better understand the trade-offs involved in economic decision-making. Ultimately, minimizing dead-weight loss leads to improved welfare for society as a whole, ensuring that resources are allocated more effectively and that the benefits of economic activity are maximized. It is crucial for all stakeholders in the economy to grasp this concept to foster a more efficient and equitable market environment.

在经济学中，术语死重损失指的是当某种商品或服务的均衡未实现或无法实现时所发生的经济效率损失。这种情况通常由于市场扭曲而产生，例如税收、补贴、关税或垄断。这个概念对于理解政府干预如何导致市场中的低效至关重要。当市场有效运作时，生产和消费的商品数量处于最佳水平，最大化总福利。然而，当存在死重损失时，这意味着潜在的交易收益没有被实现，从而导致整体经济福利的下降。例如，考虑一个对某产品征税的市场。这个税收提高了消费者支付的价格，同时降低了生产者获得的价格。因此，市场中交易的商品数量相比于没有税的均衡数量减少。这种交易的减少在供需图上形成一个三角形，代表着死重损失。这个三角形的面积表示由于税收而未能得到的福利损失，消费者和生产者都无法获得这部分福利。实际上，由于税收扭曲了自然市场均衡，双方的处境都变得更糟。此外，死重损失不仅限于税收。在各种情况下也可能出现，例如当垄断者将价格设定在竞争水平之上时。在垄断市场中，缺乏竞争使得垄断者能够限制产出以最大化利润，导致可供消费者的商品数量少于竞争市场的情况。这种限制导致了死重损失，因为有些消费者本可以在较低的价格下购买该产品，但由于较高的垄断价格而无法做到。理解死重损失对政策制定者至关重要，因为他们在设计市场中的规制和干预措施时应考虑这一点。目标应该是尽量减少这种损失，同时实现期望的社会结果。例如，在考虑环境法规时，必须在保护环境和维持经济效率之间取得平衡。如果法规过于严格，可能会通过抑制生产和创新而造成显著的死重损失。总之，死重损失的概念对于分析市场的效率和政府政策的影响至关重要。通过认识到死重损失发生的条件，经济学家和政策制定者可以更好地理解经济决策中的权衡。最终，最小化死重损失将改善整个社会的福利，确保资源更有效地分配，并最大化经济活动的利益。所有经济参与者掌握这一概念，对于促进一个更加高效和公平的市场环境至关重要。