Cournot equilihrium

简明释义

古诺均衡

英英释义

例句

1.When firms adjust their outputs in response to each other, they may eventually settle at a Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡.

当公司根据彼此的产出进行调整时，最终可能会达到Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡。

2.At the Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡, each firm maximizes its profit given the output of its rival.

在Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡下，每个公司在考虑竞争对手的产出时最大化自己的利润。

3.Understanding Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡 is crucial for predicting market behavior in oligopolies.

理解Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡对于预测寡头市场的行为至关重要。

4.The concept of Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡 helps economists analyze competitive markets.

Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡的概念帮助经济学家分析竞争市场。

5.In a duopoly, firms reach a Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡 where they decide on their output levels simultaneously.

在一个双头垄断市场中，企业同时决定产量，从而达到Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡。

作文

The concept of Cournot equilibrium is a fundamental idea in the field of economic theory, particularly in the study of oligopoly markets. Named after the French economist Antoine Augustin Cournot, this equilibrium describes a situation in which firms in an oligopoly choose their output levels simultaneously, taking into account the output decisions of their competitors. At the Cournot equilibrium point, each firm has chosen its output level such that it maximizes its profit given the output levels of the other firms. This creates a stable outcome where no firm has an incentive to unilaterally change its output, leading to a balance in the market. To better understand the implications of Cournot equilibrium, consider a simple example involving two firms, Firm A and Firm B, that produce identical products. Each firm must decide how much to produce without knowing the other's decision. If Firm A believes that Firm B will produce a certain quantity, it will adjust its own production to maximize its profit based on that belief. The same logic applies to Firm B regarding Firm A's output. The Cournot equilibrium occurs when both firms have settled on their respective output levels, resulting in a scenario where neither firm can increase its profits by changing its output alone. This equilibrium is characterized by the reaction functions of the firms, which illustrate how one firm's optimal output responds to the output of the other firm. The intersection of these reaction functions determines the Cournot equilibrium output levels for both firms. One of the key features of the Cournot equilibrium is that it leads to a higher total output than would be achieved under a monopoly, where a single firm controls the entire market. However, the total output is still less than that of perfect competition, where many firms operate freely without restriction. This highlights the inefficiencies often present in oligopolistic markets, where firms may not produce at the socially optimal level. Moreover, the Cournot equilibrium has significant implications for pricing strategies. In this equilibrium state, prices are typically higher than in a competitive market due to the limited output from the firms. As a result, consumers may face higher prices, which can lead to a deadweight loss in the economy. Understanding the dynamics of Cournot equilibrium helps policymakers and economists analyze market behavior and devise strategies to promote competition and efficiency. In conclusion, the Cournot equilibrium serves as an essential framework for analyzing the strategic interactions between firms in an oligopolistic market. By recognizing how firms make output decisions based on the anticipated actions of their competitors, we can gain valuable insights into market structures and pricing mechanisms. As economies continue to evolve and industries become more complex, the principles underlying Cournot equilibrium remain relevant for understanding the intricate balance of competition and cooperation among firms.

“Cournot均衡”是经济理论领域的一个基本概念，特别是在寡头市场的研究中。它以法国经济学家安托万·奥古斯丁·库尔诺的名字命名，描述了在寡头垄断中，各公司同时选择其产出水平的情况，同时考虑到竞争对手的产出决策。在Cournot均衡点，每家公司选择其产出水平，以便在其他公司的产出水平下最大化其利润。这创造了一种稳定的结果，即没有公司有动机单方面改变其产出，从而导致市场的平衡。为了更好地理解Cournot均衡的含义，考虑一个简单的例子，其中有两家公司，A公司和B公司，它们生产相同的产品。每家公司必须在不知道另一家公司决策的情况下决定生产多少。如果A公司认为B公司将生产一定数量，它将根据该信念调整自己的生产以最大化利润。同样的逻辑也适用于B公司关于A公司的产出。当两家公司各自确定了其产出水平时，就发生了Cournot均衡，这种情况使得任何一家公司都无法通过单独改变其产出来增加利润。这个均衡的特点是公司的反应函数，显示了一个公司的最佳产出如何响应于另一个公司的产出。这些反应函数的交点决定了两家公司的Cournot均衡产出水平。Cournot均衡的一个关键特征是，它导致的总产出高于垄断情况下的产出，而在垄断中，单一公司控制整个市场。然而，总产出仍低于完全竞争的情况，在完全竞争中，许多公司自由运营而不受限制。这突显了寡头市场中通常存在的低效性，因为公司可能不会在社会最优水平上生产。此外，Cournot均衡对定价策略具有重要影响。在这一均衡状态下，由于公司有限的产出，价格通常高于竞争市场。因此，消费者可能面临更高的价格，这可能导致经济中的无谓损失。理解Cournot均衡的动态有助于政策制定者和经济学家分析市场行为并制定促进竞争和效率的策略。总之，Cournot均衡作为分析寡头市场中公司战略互动的重要框架，通过认识公司如何根据预期的竞争对手行动做出产出决策，我们可以获得有关市场结构和定价机制的宝贵见解。随着经济的不断发展和行业的日益复杂，支撑Cournot均衡的原则仍然与理解公司之间竞争与合作的微妙平衡相关。