cobweb model

简明释义

蛛网模型

英英释义

例句

1.In agricultural economics, the cobweb model is often used to predict crop prices based on previous seasons.

在农业经济学中，蜘蛛网模型常用于根据前几季预测作物价格。

2.The cobweb model shows that if producers react to price changes, it can lead to cyclical fluctuations.

蜘蛛网模型显示，如果生产者对价格变化做出反应，可能会导致周期性波动。

3.The professor used the cobweb model to explain the lagged response of farmers to price signals.

教授使用蜘蛛网模型来解释农民对价格信号的滞后反应。

4.Understanding the cobweb model helps policymakers make better decisions regarding market interventions.

理解蜘蛛网模型有助于政策制定者在市场干预方面做出更好的决策。

5.The economist explained the cobweb model to illustrate how supply and demand can fluctuate over time.

经济学家解释了蜘蛛网模型以说明供需如何随时间波动。

作文

The cobweb model is a fascinating concept in economics that illustrates how supply and demand interact over time, particularly in markets where production takes time. This model helps us understand how prices can fluctuate due to the time lag in production responses to changes in market conditions. In essence, it shows that when there is a sudden increase in demand for a product, producers may not be able to immediately ramp up production. Instead, they respond based on their previous experiences, leading to a cyclical pattern of price adjustments.To illustrate this, let’s consider the agricultural market. Suppose there is a sudden rise in the demand for wheat. Farmers will observe this increase and decide to plant more wheat the next season. However, planting and harvesting wheat takes time, often a full growing season. By the time the new crop is ready for sale, the demand may have changed, potentially leading to an oversupply if the demand has decreased, or an undersupply if the demand has continued to rise. This lag creates a 'cobweb' effect, where prices oscillate around an equilibrium point.The cobweb model consists of a series of peaks and troughs that resemble a spider's web. Initially, when demand increases, prices rise, prompting producers to increase output. However, as the new supply comes into the market, if demand has not kept pace, prices will begin to fall. This can lead to a cycle where producers react to the previous price signals rather than the current market conditions. Consequently, this can create instability in prices, making it challenging for both consumers and producers to forecast future market conditions accurately.One of the critical insights from the cobweb model is the importance of expectations in economic decision-making. Producers base their current production decisions on past prices and demand, which may not accurately reflect the present situation. This reliance on historical data can lead to miscalculations and further exacerbate the oscillations in price and supply.Moreover, the cobweb model can also be applied beyond agriculture to other markets where production takes time, such as real estate or manufacturing. For instance, in the housing market, an increase in demand for homes can lead builders to start new projects. However, these projects take time to complete, and by the time they are finished, the market conditions may have changed, leading to either a surplus of homes or a continued shortage, depending on how demand has shifted.In conclusion, the cobweb model serves as a valuable tool for understanding the dynamics of supply and demand in various markets. It highlights the challenges that arise from time lags in production and the reliance on past information for current decision-making. By recognizing these patterns, economists and market participants can better navigate the complexities of market fluctuations and develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of these cyclical price movements. Understanding the cobweb model can provide deeper insights into market behavior, ultimately leading to more informed economic decisions.

“蛛网模型”是经济学中一个引人入胜的概念，它展示了供需如何随时间相互作用，特别是在生产需要时间的市场中。这个模型帮助我们理解价格如何因市场条件变化而波动，尤其是在生产对这些变化的反应存在时间滞后的情况下。它实质上表明，当某一产品的需求突然增加时，生产者可能无法立即提高产量。相反，他们会根据以往的经验做出反应，从而导致价格调整的周期性模式。为了说明这一点，让我们考虑农业市场。假设对小麦的需求突然上升。农民会观察到这种增加，并决定在下一个季节种植更多的小麦。然而，种植和收获小麦需要时间，通常是一个完整的生长季节。当新作物准备好出售时，需求可能已经发生变化，如果需求下降，可能会导致过剩；如果需求持续上升，则可能出现短缺。这种滞后效应产生了“蛛网”效应，价格在均衡点附近波动。“蛛网模型”由一系列类似于蜘蛛网的峰和谷组成。最初，当需求增加时，价格上升，促使生产者增加产量。然而，随着新供应进入市场，如果需求未能跟上，价格将开始下降。这可能导致一个循环，生产者根据之前的价格信号而不是当前市场条件做出反应。因此，这可能导致价格的不稳定，使消费者和生产者都难以准确预测未来的市场状况。“蛛网模型”的一个关键见解是期望在经济决策中的重要性。生产者基于过去的价格和需求做出当前生产决策，而这些可能并不准确地反映当前的情况。这种对历史数据的依赖可能导致错误计算，并进一步加剧价格和供应的波动。此外，“蛛网模型”也可以应用于其他生产需要时间的市场，如房地产或制造业。例如，在住房市场中，对房屋的需求增加可能促使建筑商开始新的项目。然而，这些项目需要时间才能完成，当它们完成时，市场条件可能已发生变化，导致房屋过剩或继续短缺，具体取决于需求如何变化。总之，“蛛网模型”作为理解各种市场供需动态的有价值工具。它突显了生产时间滞后带来的挑战，以及对过去信息的依赖对当前决策的影响。通过认识到这些模式，经济学家和市场参与者可以更好地应对市场波动的复杂性，并制定策略以减轻这些周期性价格波动的影响。理解“蛛网模型”可以提供对市场行为的更深入见解，最终导致更明智的经济决策。