tensile failure

简明释义

伸长断裂

英英释义

例句

1.The report highlighted instances of tensile failure in the composite materials used in the aircraft.

报告强调了在飞机使用的复合材料中出现的拉伸失效实例。

2.The bridge design was altered after the engineers discovered a risk of tensile failure in the cables.

在工程师发现桥梁缆索存在拉伸失效的风险后，设计被修改。

3.The tensile failure of the rope caused the entire structure to collapse.

绳索的拉伸失效导致整个结构崩溃。

4.Engineers must account for tensile failure when designing high-stress components.

工程师在设计高应力部件时必须考虑到拉伸失效。

5.During the material testing, we observed that the steel exhibited tensile failure at a lower load than expected.

在材料测试过程中，我们观察到钢材在低于预期的负载下出现了拉伸失效。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the behavior of materials under various forces is crucial. One significant phenomenon that engineers must consider is tensile failure, which refers to the point at which a material fails or breaks when subjected to tension or stretching forces. This type of failure is particularly important in applications where materials are expected to bear loads without breaking, such as in construction, manufacturing, and aerospace industries.When a material is pulled, it undergoes deformation. Initially, this deformation is elastic, meaning that if the load is removed, the material will return to its original shape. However, as the tension increases, the material may reach its yield point, where permanent deformation begins to occur. If the load continues to increase beyond this point, the material will eventually experience tensile failure.The causes of tensile failure can vary widely depending on the material in question. For metals, factors such as temperature, strain rate, and the presence of impurities can significantly affect their tensile strength. For example, steel is known for its high tensile strength, but if it is exposed to extreme temperatures or if it contains flaws, it may fail under tension much sooner than expected. Similarly, polymers and composites can exhibit different failure modes, often influenced by their molecular structure and the way they are manufactured.Engineers often use stress-strain curves to analyze the tensile properties of materials. A stress-strain curve plots the amount of stress applied to a material against the amount of strain (deformation) it experiences. The curve typically has several key points: the proportional limit, the yield point, the ultimate tensile strength, and the fracture point. Understanding these points helps engineers predict when tensile failure might occur and design components that can withstand the required loads without breaking.Preventing tensile failure is a critical aspect of engineering design. By choosing the right materials and employing proper manufacturing techniques, engineers can enhance the tensile strength of components. Additionally, regular maintenance and inspection can help identify potential weaknesses before they lead to catastrophic failures. For instance, in bridge construction, engineers must ensure that the materials used can handle not only the weight of the structure itself but also additional loads such as vehicles and environmental factors like wind and earthquakes.Moreover, advancements in material science have led to the development of stronger and more resilient materials. Innovations such as high-strength alloys, fiber-reinforced composites, and advanced polymers have opened up new possibilities for engineering applications. These materials often exhibit superior resistance to tensile failure, allowing for lighter and more efficient designs.In conclusion, tensile failure is a fundamental concept in understanding how materials behave under tension. By studying the factors that contribute to this type of failure, engineers can design safer and more reliable structures and products. As technology continues to evolve, the ability to predict and prevent tensile failure will remain a vital aspect of engineering practice, ensuring the integrity and longevity of engineered systems.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料在各种力作用下的行为至关重要。工程师必须考虑的一个重要现象是拉伸失效，它指的是材料在受到拉伸或拉力时，失去承载能力或断裂的点。这种类型的失效在建筑、制造和航空航天等行业中尤为重要，因为这些应用要求材料在不破裂的情况下承受负荷。当材料被拉伸时，它会发生变形。最初，这种变形是弹性的，这意味着如果去掉负荷，材料将恢复到其原始形状。然而，随着拉力的增加，材料可能达到其屈服点，此时开始发生永久性变形。如果负荷继续增加超过这一点，材料最终将经历拉伸失效。导致拉伸失效的原因因材料而异。对于金属，温度、应变速率和杂质的存在等因素会显著影响其拉伸强度。例如，钢材以高拉伸强度著称，但如果暴露于极端温度或含有缺陷，它可能会比预期更早地在拉伸下失效。类似地，聚合物和复合材料可能会表现出不同的失效模式，通常受到其分子结构和制造方式的影响。工程师通常使用应力-应变曲线来分析材料的拉伸特性。应力-应变曲线将施加在材料上的应力与材料经历的应变（变形）量进行绘图。该曲线通常具有几个关键点：比例极限、屈服点、极限拉伸强度和断裂点。理解这些点有助于工程师预测何时可能发生拉伸失效，并设计能够承受所需负荷的组件，而不会断裂。防止拉伸失效是工程设计的重要方面。通过选择合适的材料和采用正确的制造技术，工程师可以增强组件的拉伸强度。此外，定期维护和检查可以帮助在潜在弱点导致灾难性故障之前识别它们。例如，在桥梁建设中，工程师必须确保所用材料不仅能够承受结构本身的重量，还能承受车辆和环境因素（如风和地震）等额外负荷。此外，材料科学的进步导致了更强大和更具韧性的材料的发展。高强度合金、纤维增强复合材料和先进聚合物等创新为工程应用开辟了新的可能性。这些材料通常表现出对拉伸失效的优越抵抗力，从而允许更轻便和更高效的设计。总之，拉伸失效是理解材料在拉伸下行为的基本概念。通过研究导致这种类型失效的因素，工程师可以设计出更安全、更可靠的结构和产品。随着技术的不断发展，预测和防止拉伸失效的能力将继续是工程实践的重要方面，确保工程系统的完整性和持久性。