stopping potential

简明释义

截止电压

英英释义

例句

1.The stopping potential 停止电势 is crucial for determining the threshold frequency of the incident light.

在确定入射光的阈频率时，停止电势 停止电势至关重要。

2.The photoelectric effect demonstrates how light can generate electrons, and the maximum energy of these electrons is determined by the stopping potential 停止电势.

光电效应展示了光如何产生电子，而这些电子的最大能量由停止电势 停止电势决定。

3.In a laboratory experiment, we measured the stopping potential 停止电势 to understand the work function of the material used.

在实验室实验中，我们测量了停止电势 停止电势以了解所用材料的功函数。

4.To calculate the kinetic energy of emitted electrons, we need to find the stopping potential 停止电势 in the circuit.

为了计算发射电子的动能，我们需要在电路中找到停止电势 停止电势。

5.By adjusting the stopping potential 停止电势, we can control the number of electrons detected in the experiment.

通过调整停止电势 停止电势，我们可以控制实验中检测到的电子数量。

作文

The concept of stopping potential is crucial in the field of physics, particularly in understanding the photoelectric effect. When light shines on a metal surface, it can eject electrons from that surface. The energy of the incoming photons must be greater than the work function of the metal for this ejection to occur. However, not all emitted electrons have the same energy; some will have more energy than others. This leads us to the idea of stopping potential, which is the minimum voltage needed to stop the most energetic of these emitted electrons from reaching the anode in a photoelectric experiment.To illustrate this concept further, consider a simple setup where light of a certain frequency is directed onto a metal plate. As photons collide with the electrons in the metal, they transfer their energy. If the energy transferred is sufficient, the electron will overcome the work function and be emitted from the surface. The excess energy beyond the work function translates into the kinetic energy of the emitted electron. This relationship is described by the equation: E = hf - φ, where E is the kinetic energy of the emitted electron, hf is the energy of the incoming photon (with h being Planck's constant and f the frequency of the light), and φ is the work function of the metal.Now, once these electrons are emitted, they can be influenced by an electric field. If we apply a voltage in the opposite direction, we can create a situation where some of the electrons do not reach the anode. The stopping potential is defined as the voltage at which the current ceases because all the emitted electrons are stopped by the opposing electric field. It directly relates to the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. The greater the energy of the emitted electrons, the higher the stopping potential required to halt them.In practical applications, measuring the stopping potential allows scientists to determine the work function of the material and provides insights into the properties of the emitted electrons. This is particularly important in fields such as materials science and quantum mechanics, where understanding the behavior of electrons at a fundamental level can lead to advancements in technology, including the development of new electronic devices and materials.Moreover, the concept of stopping potential also serves as a gateway to understanding more complex phenomena in quantum physics. For instance, it connects to the broader principles of energy conservation and the interaction between light and matter. By studying how light can affect electrons and how we can manipulate their energies through external electric fields, researchers can explore various applications, from solar cells to photodetectors.In summary, the stopping potential is not just a theoretical concept but a vital parameter in experimental physics that helps in understanding the dynamics of electron emission and the interaction of light with matter. Its implications stretch across various scientific disciplines, making it a fundamental topic for anyone delving into the world of physics. Understanding stopping potential opens doors to exploring the intricate dance between energy, matter, and light, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these elements in the universe.

‘停止电位’的概念在物理学领域至关重要，特别是在理解光电效应时。当光照射到金属表面时，它可以使电子从该表面弹出。入射光子的能量必须大于金属的功函数，才能发生这种弹出。然而，并非所有发射的电子都有相同的能量；有些电子的能量会更高。这引出了‘停止电位’的概念，即在光电实验中，阻止最具能量的这些发射电子到达阳极所需的最低电压。为了进一步说明这一概念，考虑一个简单的实验装置，其中某种频率的光线照射到金属板上。当光子与金属中的电子碰撞时，它们会转移能量。如果转移的能量足够，电子将克服功函数并从表面发射。超过功函数的多余能量转化为发射电子的动能。这个关系可以用以下公式描述：E = hf - φ，其中E是发射电子的动能，hf是入射光子的能量（h是普朗克常数，f是光的频率），φ是金属的功函数。现在，一旦这些电子被发射出来，它们可以受到电场的影响。如果我们施加一个相反方向的电压，就可以创建一种情况，使一些电子无法到达阳极。‘停止电位’被定义为电流停止的电压，因为所有发射的电子都被相反的电场阻止了。它与发射电子的最大动能直接相关。发射电子的能量越大，所需的‘停止电位’就越高，以阻止它们。在实际应用中，测量‘停止电位’可以帮助科学家确定材料的功函数，并提供关于发射电子特性的见解。这在材料科学和量子力学等领域尤其重要，因为理解电子在基本层面的行为可以推动技术进步，包括新型电子设备和材料的发展。此外，‘停止电位’的概念也作为理解量子物理中更复杂现象的桥梁。例如，它与能量守恒和光与物质之间相互作用的更广泛原则相连接。通过研究光如何影响电子，以及如何通过外部电场操纵它们的能量，研究人员可以探索各种应用，从太阳能电池到光探测器。总之，‘停止电位’不仅仅是一个理论概念，而是实验物理学中的一个重要参数，有助于理解电子发射的动态以及光与物质的相互作用。它的影响跨越多个科学学科，使其成为任何深入探讨物理世界的人都必须掌握的基本主题。理解‘停止电位’为探索能量、物质和光之间错综复杂的关系打开了大门，强调了这些元素在宇宙中的相互联系。