relative elongation

简明释义

相对伸长

英英释义

例句

1.The engineer calculated the relative elongation 相对伸长率 of the material to determine its ductility.

工程师计算了材料的相对伸长率 relative elongation以确定其延展性。

2.The relative elongation 相对伸长率 of polymers is crucial for applications in flexible electronics.

聚合物的相对伸长率 relative elongation对于柔性电子产品的应用至关重要。

3.In tensile testing, the relative elongation 相对伸长率 helps to assess how much a material can stretch before breaking.

在拉伸测试中，相对伸长率 relative elongation帮助评估材料在断裂前可以伸展多少。

4.The relative elongation 相对伸长率 of metals varies significantly depending on their alloy composition.

金属的相对伸长率 relative elongation因合金成分的不同而显著变化。

5.Researchers measured the relative elongation 相对伸长率 of the rubber sample under different temperatures.

研究人员在不同温度下测量了橡胶样品的相对伸长率 relative elongation。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the properties of materials under stress is crucial for various applications. One important concept that often arises in this context is relative elongation. This term refers to the measure of how much a material deforms in relation to its original length when subjected to tensile stress. Essentially, it provides insight into the ductility and flexibility of a material, which are vital characteristics in many engineering designs.When a material is stretched, it undergoes deformation, and the relative elongation can be calculated by taking the difference between the final length after stretching and the original length, then dividing this value by the original length. The formula can be expressed as follows:Relative Elongation = (Final Length - Original Length) / Original Length.This ratio is often expressed as a percentage, making it easier to understand and compare the behavior of different materials. For example, if a metal rod was originally 100 cm long and, after applying a tensile force, it stretches to 102 cm, the relative elongation would be:Relative Elongation = (102 cm - 100 cm) / 100 cm = 0.02, or 2%.The significance of relative elongation extends beyond simple calculations; it plays a critical role in determining the suitability of materials for specific applications. Materials with high relative elongation values are often preferred in situations where flexibility and resilience are required, such as in the manufacturing of cables, springs, or other components that must endure repeated stress without breaking.Conversely, materials with low relative elongation values may be more suitable for structural applications where rigidity and strength are paramount. For instance, concrete is known for its compressive strength but has very low ductility, meaning it does not exhibit significant relative elongation before failure. This characteristic must be considered during the design phase of construction projects to ensure safety and durability.Moreover, the relative elongation of a material can also provide insights into its microstructural properties. For example, metals that have undergone processes such as annealing typically show increased ductility and higher relative elongation compared to their untreated counterparts. This change occurs because annealing allows for the rearrangement of dislocations within the material's crystal structure, enhancing its ability to deform under stress.Understanding relative elongation is not only important for engineers and scientists but also for industries that rely on material performance. In the automotive sector, for instance, the selection of materials with appropriate relative elongation can impact vehicle safety and performance. Manufacturers must ensure that materials used in critical components can withstand the forces they will encounter while still maintaining their structural integrity.In conclusion, relative elongation is a fundamental concept in materials science that reflects a material's ability to deform under stress. Its implications reach far beyond theoretical calculations, influencing practical applications across various industries. By understanding and applying the principles of relative elongation, engineers and designers can make informed decisions that enhance the safety, efficiency, and longevity of their products.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料在应力下的性质对于各种应用至关重要。一个常常出现的重要概念是相对延伸率。这个术语指的是当材料受到拉伸应力时，其变形程度与原始长度的比率。它本质上提供了对材料韧性和柔韧性的洞察，这些都是许多工程设计中的重要特性。当材料被拉伸时，它会发生变形，而相对延伸率可以通过计算拉伸后最终长度与原始长度之间的差异，然后将该值除以原始长度来得出。公式可以表示如下：相对延伸率 = (最终长度 - 原始长度) / 原始长度。这个比率通常以百分比表示，使其更容易理解和比较不同材料的行为。例如，如果一根金属杆原本长100厘米，在施加拉伸力后伸长到102厘米，则相对延伸率为：相对延伸率 = (102厘米 - 100厘米) / 100厘米 = 0.02，或2%。相对延伸率的重要性不仅仅限于简单的计算；它在确定材料适用于特定应用的适宜性方面发挥着关键作用。具有高相对延伸率值的材料通常在需要灵活性和韧性的情况下更受欢迎，例如在制造电缆、弹簧或其他必须承受重复应力而不破裂的组件时。相反，具有低相对延伸率值的材料可能更适合结构应用，在这些应用中，刚度和强度是最重要的。例如，混凝土以其抗压强度而闻名，但其延展性非常低，这意味着在失效之前不会表现出显著的相对延伸率。在建筑项目的设计阶段，必须考虑这一特性，以确保安全性和耐久性。此外，材料的相对延伸率还可以提供其微观结构特性的见解。例如，经过退火处理的金属通常显示出比未处理的金属更高的韧性和更高的相对延伸率。这种变化发生是因为退火允许材料晶体结构内位错的重新排列，增强了其在应力下变形的能力。理解相对延伸率不仅对工程师和科学家重要，对依赖材料性能的行业也同样重要。在汽车行业，例如，选择适当的相对延伸率的材料可以影响车辆的安全性和性能。制造商必须确保用于关键组件的材料能够承受它们将遇到的力量，同时保持其结构完整性。总之，相对延伸率是材料科学中的一个基本概念，反映了材料在应力下变形的能力。其影响远不止理论计算，影响着各个行业的实际应用。通过理解和应用相对延伸率的原理，工程师和设计师可以做出明智的决策，从而提高其产品的安全性、效率和耐用性。