xenobiotics

简明释义

英[ˌzenəʊbaɪˈɒtɪks]美[ˌzenoʊbaɪˈɑːtɪk]

n. 外源性物质；[生物]异种生物学；有害异物（xenobiotic 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Tumour susceptibility is associated with genetic polymorphism of xenobiotics metabolism enzyme and chromosomal aberrations et al.

肿瘤易感性与异源物代谢酶遗传多态性和染色体畸变等相关。

2.In vitro liver cell models (mainly primary hepatocyte cultures), served as the most powerful in vitro research system are widely used for the study of hepatotoxicity of xenobiotics.

体外肝细胞模型(主要是原代肝细胞培养)作为一种强有力的体外研究体系被广泛应用于化学异物的肝毒性研究。

3.In the aquatic ecosystem and environmental safety evaluation, aquatic crustacean are of important position and function, and they are very sensitive to the effect of xenobiotics.

水生甲壳动物在水生态系统和环境安全评价中居于重要的地位，它们对存在于水中的外源化合物的影响非常敏感。

4.The inhibitive effect of natural antioxidant on oxidation and activation of xenobiotics mediated by lipoxygenase may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-toxic and anti-tumor effect.

这些天然抗氧化剂对脂氧合酶介导外源化合物氧化和活化的抑制作用可能是其抗毒防癌作用的机制之一。

5.I believe it is absent because it is being coupled to toxins - neurotoxins, probably xenobiotics, because B-12 couples to nitrogen.

我相信它是缺席，因为它被加上毒素-神经毒素，可能是外来物质，因为B - 12的夫妇氮。

6.A double wavelength-differential-first order derivative spectrophotometric assay was established to determine carbon monoxide (CO) generation during in vitro metabolism of xenobiotics.

用双波长、差示、一阶导数分光光度法，建立了一种测定外源物体外代谢时一氧化碳(CO)生成量的新方法。

7.Objectives: To set up the methods of mouse embryo fibroblasts culture in vitro and to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics such as chloride cadmium and formaldehyde by using these methods.

目的在本实验室建立小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞培养方法，并在此基础上用培养的细胞检测氯化镉、甲醛等外来化合物的细胞毒性反应。

8.Cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) plays a critical role in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of exogenous compounds such as drugs, environmental procarcinogens and other xenobiotics.

细胞色素氧化酶p 4501a2 (CYP1A2)在药物代谢、前致癌物激活的过程中起重要的作用。

9.METHODS: Cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities were measured by biochemical assays. Xenobiotics were employed to observe their effects on CYP2A6 in vitro.

方法：采用生化分析法，体外研究化学异物对CYP2A6酶活性的影响。

10.Objectives: To set up the methods of mouse embryo fibroblasts culture in vitro and to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics such as chloride cadmium and formaldehyde by using these methods.

目的在本实验室建立小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞培养方法，并在此基础上用培养的细胞检测氯化镉、甲醛等外来化合物的细胞毒性反应。

11.The study focused on how xenobiotics are metabolized by different organisms.

该研究集中于不同生物如何代谢外源性物质。

12.Certain plants can absorb xenobiotics, making them useful for bioremediation.

某些植物可以吸收外源性物质，使其在生物修复中变得有用。

13.Pharmaceuticals are a common source of xenobiotics found in water supplies.

药物是水源中常见的外源性物质来源。

14.The presence of xenobiotics in the environment can disrupt local ecosystems.

环境中存在的外源性物质可能会破坏当地生态系统。

15.Researchers are studying the effects of xenobiotics on human health.

研究人员正在研究外源性物质对人类健康的影响。

作文

In the realm of environmental science and toxicology, the term xenobiotics refers to substances that are foreign to a biological system. These compounds can originate from various sources, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Understanding xenobiotics is crucial for assessing their impact on human health and the environment. The study of these foreign compounds encompasses their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in living organisms, collectively known as ADME processes. One significant aspect of xenobiotics is their potential toxicity. Many of these substances can disrupt normal biological functions, leading to adverse health effects. For instance, certain pesticides, classified as xenobiotics, have been linked to neurological disorders and endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. This highlights the importance of rigorous testing and regulation of chemical substances before they are released into the market.Moreover, the body has developed mechanisms to detoxify and eliminate xenobiotics. Enzymes in the liver, such as cytochrome P450, play a vital role in metabolizing these compounds, transforming them into less harmful forms that can be excreted. However, the efficiency of these detoxification pathways can vary among individuals due to genetic differences, age, gender, and overall health. This variability can influence how different people respond to exposure to xenobiotics, making it essential to consider these factors in risk assessments.The environmental implications of xenobiotics are equally concerning. When these substances enter ecosystems, they can accumulate in the food chain, posing risks to wildlife and potentially affecting human health through contaminated food sources. For example, heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants are types of xenobiotics that can linger in the environment and bioaccumulate in organisms. This bioaccumulation can lead to toxic effects not only in individual species but also in entire ecosystems.Efforts to mitigate the risks associated with xenobiotics include developing safer alternatives and implementing stricter regulations on chemical usage. Green chemistry, which focuses on designing products and processes that minimize the generation of hazardous substances, is one approach gaining traction in recent years. By prioritizing sustainability and safety, scientists and policymakers aim to reduce the prevalence of harmful xenobiotics in our environment.In conclusion, xenobiotics are substances that pose significant challenges to both human health and environmental integrity. Their foreign nature means they can disrupt biological systems, leading to various health issues. Understanding the mechanisms of action, metabolism, and environmental impact of xenobiotics is essential for developing effective strategies to manage their risks. As we advance our knowledge in this field, it becomes increasingly important to promote practices that minimize exposure to these harmful compounds, ensuring a healthier future for all living organisms.

在环境科学和毒理学领域，术语xenobiotics指的是生物系统中存在的外来物质。这些化合物可以来自各种来源，包括药物、农药和工业化学品。理解xenobiotics对于评估它们对人类健康和环境的影响至关重要。对这些外来化合物的研究包含了它们在生物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程，统称为ADME过程。xenobiotics的一个重要方面是它们的潜在毒性。许多这些物质可能会扰乱正常的生物功能，导致不良健康影响。例如，某些被归类为xenobiotics的农药与人类和野生动物的神经系统疾病和内分泌干扰有关。这突显了在这些化学物质上市之前进行严格测试和监管的重要性。此外，身体已经发展出解毒和排除xenobiotics的机制。肝脏中的酶，如细胞色素P450，在代谢这些化合物中发挥着至关重要的作用，将它们转化为更无害的形式以便排泄。然而，这些解毒途径的效率在个体之间可能有所不同，原因包括遗传差异、年龄、性别和整体健康状况。这种变异性会影响不同人群对xenobiotics暴露的反应，因此在风险评估中考虑这些因素至关重要。xenobiotics的环境影响同样令人担忧。当这些物质进入生态系统时，它们可能会在食物链中累积，对野生动物构成风险，并可能通过受污染的食物来源影响人类健康。例如，重金属和持久性有机污染物是可以在环境中滞留并在生物体内生物累积的xenobiotics类型。这种生物累积不仅会对个别物种造成毒性影响，还可能对整个生态系统产生影响。减轻与xenobiotics相关风险的努力包括开发更安全的替代品和实施更严格的化学物质使用法规。绿色化学专注于设计产品和过程，以最小化有害物质的产生，近年来正逐渐受到重视。通过优先考虑可持续性和安全性，科学家和政策制定者旨在减少我们环境中有害xenobiotics的普遍存在。总之，xenobiotics是对人类健康和环境完整性构成重大挑战的物质。它们的外来性质意味着它们可能会扰乱生物系统，导致各种健康问题。理解xenobiotics的作用机制、代谢和环境影响对于制定有效的管理风险策略至关重要。随着我们在这一领域知识的进步，促进减少接触这些有害化合物的做法变得越来越重要，以确保所有生物体的健康未来。