permanent hardness

简明释义

永久硬度

英英释义

例句

1.The presence of calcium and magnesium ions contributes to the permanent hardness of the water.

钙和镁离子的存在导致水的永久硬度。

2.In industrial processes, permanent hardness can cause scaling in boilers.

在工业过程中，永久硬度会导致锅炉结垢。

3.The water in this area has a high level of permanent hardness, making it unsuitable for washing clothes.

该地区的水具有高水平的永久硬度，使其不适合洗衣服。

4.To reduce permanent hardness in drinking water, we need to install a water softener.

为了减少饮用水中的永久硬度，我们需要安装一个软水器。

5.Boiling water does not remove permanent hardness; only chemical treatment can.

煮沸水并不能去除永久硬度；只有化学处理才能去除。

作文

Water is an essential resource for life, and its quality directly impacts our health and the environment. One of the critical aspects of water quality is its hardness, which can be categorized into two types: temporary hardness and permanent hardness. Understanding these types is crucial for both consumers and industries that rely on water for various purposes.Temporary hardness is primarily caused by the presence of bicarbonate minerals, such as calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. This type of hardness can be removed by boiling the water, which converts the bicarbonates into insoluble carbonates that precipitate out. For many households, this means that simply boiling water before use can help reduce the hardness level, making it more suitable for cooking and other domestic activities.On the other hand, permanent hardness (永久硬度) refers to the hardness that remains even after boiling. It is typically caused by the presence of sulfate or chloride compounds of calcium and magnesium. Unlike temporary hardness, permanent hardness cannot be eliminated through boiling, which makes it a more significant concern for many users. The implications of permanent hardness are far-reaching, affecting everything from household chores to industrial processes.In households, water with permanent hardness can lead to several problems. For instance, it can cause scale buildup in appliances such as water heaters, dishwashers, and washing machines. This scaling not only reduces the efficiency of these appliances but also shortens their lifespan, leading to increased maintenance costs. Moreover, hard water can affect the effectiveness of soaps and detergents, making it harder to achieve a good lather and clean dishes or laundry effectively.In industrial settings, permanent hardness poses challenges as well. Many industries require specific water quality for their operations, and hard water can interfere with processes such as cooling, heating, and chemical production. In power plants, for example, hard water can lead to scaling in boilers and heat exchangers, which can reduce efficiency and increase the risk of equipment failure. Therefore, industries often invest in water softening systems to treat permanent hardness and ensure optimal performance.To address the issues associated with permanent hardness, various methods can be employed. Water softeners are commonly used in both residential and commercial settings to reduce hardness levels. These systems typically use ion exchange technology, where sodium ions replace calcium and magnesium ions in the water. This process effectively transforms hard water into soft water, mitigating the negative effects of permanent hardness.Another approach to managing permanent hardness is through the addition of chemical agents that can precipitate hardness-causing minerals, allowing them to be filtered out. However, this method requires careful management to avoid introducing harmful substances into the water supply.In conclusion, understanding permanent hardness is essential for anyone who relies on water for everyday use or industrial processes. By recognizing the challenges posed by hard water and implementing appropriate treatment methods, we can improve water quality and protect our health and appliances. As we continue to explore solutions for water hardness, it is vital to prioritize sustainable practices that ensure access to clean and safe water for all.

水是生命的重要资源，其质量直接影响我们的健康和环境。水质的一个关键方面是水的硬度，可以分为两种类型：暂时硬度和永久硬度。理解这些类型对消费者和依赖水进行各种活动的行业至关重要。暂时硬度主要是由碳酸氢盐矿物质（如碳酸钙和碳酸镁）引起的。这种类型的硬度可以通过煮沸水来去除，这会将碳酸氢盐转化为不溶性碳酸盐，从而沉淀出来。对于许多家庭来说，这意味着简单地在使用之前煮沸水可以帮助降低硬度水平，使其更适合烹饪和其他家庭活动。另一方面，永久硬度（永久硬度）指的是即使在煮沸后仍然存在的硬度。它通常是由于钙和镁的硫酸盐或氯化物化合物的存在而引起的。与暂时硬度不同，永久硬度无法通过煮沸来消除，这使其对许多用户来说成为一个更大的关注点。永久硬度的影响是深远的，影响从家庭琐事到工业过程的方方面面。在家庭中，含有永久硬度的水会导致几个问题。例如，它可能导致在热水器、洗碗机和洗衣机等设备中形成水垢。这种水垢不仅降低了这些设备的效率，还缩短了它们的使用寿命，从而导致维护成本增加。此外，硬水可能影响肥皂和洗涤剂的有效性，使得难以产生良好的泡沫，从而有效清洁餐具或衣物。在工业环境中，永久硬度也带来了挑战。许多行业需要特定的水质来进行操作，而硬水可能干扰冷却、加热和化学生产等过程。例如，在发电厂，硬水可能导致锅炉和热交换器中的水垢形成，从而降低效率并增加设备故障的风险。因此，许多行业投资于水软化系统，以处理永久硬度，确保最佳性能。为了解决与永久硬度相关的问题，可以采用多种方法。水软化剂通常用于住宅和商业环境中，以降低硬度水平。这些系统通常使用离子交换技术，其中钠离子取代水中的钙和镁离子。这个过程有效地将硬水转化为软水，减轻了永久硬度的负面影响。管理永久硬度的另一种方法是通过添加化学试剂来沉淀导致硬度的矿物质，从而允许它们被过滤掉。然而，这种方法需要仔细管理，以避免向水供应中引入有害物质。总之，理解永久硬度对任何依赖水进行日常使用或工业过程的人来说都是至关重要的。通过认识到硬水带来的挑战并实施适当的处理方法，我们可以改善水质，保护我们的健康和家电。在我们继续探索水硬度的解决方案时，优先考虑可持续实践，以确保所有人都能获得干净和安全的水至关重要。