percentage of elongation

简明释义

伸长率

英英释义

例句

1.The tensile test revealed a high percentage of elongation in the plastic material, indicating its flexibility.

拉伸测试显示该塑料材料的延伸百分比很高，表明其柔韧性。

2.In rubber testing, a high percentage of elongation is desirable for better performance.

在橡胶测试中，高延伸百分比是为了更好的性能而期望的。

3.A low percentage of elongation can indicate brittleness in metals.

低延伸百分比可能表明金属的脆性。

4.Engineers must consider the percentage of elongation when selecting materials for construction.

工程师在选择建筑材料时必须考虑延伸百分比。

5.The percentage of elongation helps determine how much a material can stretch before breaking.

该延伸百分比有助于确定材料在断裂前可以拉伸多少。

作文

The concept of percentage of elongation is crucial in the field of materials science and engineering. It refers to the measure of how much a material can stretch or deform before it breaks. This property is particularly important for materials that are subjected to tensile stress, such as metals, plastics, and textiles. Understanding the percentage of elongation helps engineers and designers select appropriate materials for various applications, ensuring safety and performance in structures and products.When a material is pulled, it undergoes deformation, which can be elastic or plastic. Elastic deformation means that the material will return to its original shape once the load is removed, while plastic deformation indicates a permanent change in shape. The percentage of elongation specifically measures the plastic deformation, providing insight into the ductility of the material. Ductility is an essential property for materials used in construction and manufacturing, as it determines how well a material can absorb energy and deform without fracturing.To calculate the percentage of elongation, one must measure the original length of the material before testing and the length after it has been stretched to the point of fracture. The formula is as follows:Percentage of Elongation = [(Final Length - Original Length) / Original Length] x 100%This formula allows for a straightforward calculation of how much the material has elongated in relation to its initial size. A higher percentage of elongation indicates a more ductile material, which is often desirable in applications where flexibility and resilience are needed.For example, in the automotive industry, manufacturers require materials that can withstand significant stress while maintaining structural integrity. Steel, known for its strength and durability, typically has a percentage of elongation of around 15% to 30%. This means that before breaking, steel can stretch significantly, allowing for safety features like crumple zones that absorb impact during collisions.Conversely, brittle materials like glass or ceramics have very low percentage of elongation values, often less than 1%. These materials can break suddenly without much warning, making them unsuitable for applications requiring flexibility. Therefore, understanding the percentage of elongation is vital for engineers to avoid catastrophic failures in their designs.Moreover, the percentage of elongation can also be influenced by factors such as temperature, strain rate, and the presence of impurities in the material. For instance, increasing temperature can enhance the ductility of some metals, leading to a higher percentage of elongation. On the other hand, rapid loading conditions may reduce the time available for the material to deform, potentially lowering its percentage of elongation.In conclusion, the percentage of elongation is a fundamental property that provides valuable information about a material's ability to withstand deformation. By understanding this property, engineers can make informed decisions when selecting materials for specific applications, ensuring safety and functionality in their designs. As technology advances and new materials are developed, the importance of accurately measuring and interpreting the percentage of elongation will continue to play a critical role in the fields of engineering and materials science.

“伸长百分比”这一概念在材料科学和工程领域至关重要。它指的是材料在断裂前可以拉伸或变形的程度。这一特性对于承受拉伸应力的材料（如金属、塑料和纺织品）尤为重要。理解“伸长百分比”有助于工程师和设计师选择适合各种应用的材料，从而确保结构和产品的安全性和性能。当材料被拉伸时，它会经历变形，这种变形可以是弹性或塑性。弹性变形意味着材料在去除负载后会恢复到原始形状，而塑性变形则表明形状发生了永久性变化。“伸长百分比”专门测量塑性变形，提供材料韧性的洞察。韧性是建筑和制造中材料的重要特性，因为它决定了材料在不破裂的情况下吸收能量和变形的能力。要计算“伸长百分比”，必须在测试前测量材料的原始长度，以及在拉伸到断裂点后的长度。公式如下：伸长百分比 = [(最终长度 - 原始长度) / 原始长度] x 100%这个公式允许对材料相对于其初始尺寸的延伸量进行简单计算。较高的“伸长百分比”表示材料更具韧性，这在需要灵活性和韧性的应用中通常是理想的。例如，在汽车行业，制造商需要能够承受重大压力同时保持结构完整性的材料。钢材以其强度和耐用性而闻名，通常具有15%到30%的“伸长百分比”。这意味着，在断裂之前，钢材可以显著拉伸，从而允许像碰撞区这样的安全特性在碰撞过程中吸收冲击。相反，脆性材料如玻璃或陶瓷的“伸长百分比”值非常低，通常低于1%。这些材料可能会突然断裂而没有太多预警，因此不适合需要灵活性的应用。因此，理解“伸长百分比”对工程师避免设计中的灾难性故障至关重要。此外，“伸长百分比”还可能受到温度、应变速率和材料中杂质存在等因素的影响。例如，提高温度可以增强某些金属的韧性，从而导致更高的“伸长百分比”。另一方面，快速加载条件可能会减少材料变形的时间，潜在地降低其“伸长百分比”。总之，“伸长百分比”是一个基本特性，为材料承受变形的能力提供了宝贵的信息。通过理解这一特性，工程师可以在选择特定应用材料时做出明智的决策，确保其设计的安全性和功能性。随着技术进步和新材料的开发，准确测量和解释“伸长百分比”的重要性将在工程和材料科学领域继续发挥关键作用。