polymerase

简明释义

英[ˈpɒlɪməreɪs]美[ˈpɑːlɪməˌreɪs]

n. [生化] 聚合酶

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

聚合酶链反应(PCR)测定。

2.The principle, method and application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was introduced in this paper.

介绍了分子生物学前沿技术聚合酶链式反应(PCR)的原理、方法及应用。

3.When scientists infected the modified birds with lethal doses of H5N1, the virus latched onto the decoy form of polymerase.

当科学家给改造过的鸡注射致命量的H5N1病毒后，病毒会依附在假聚合酶上。

4.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR).

方法聚合酶链反应。

5.Various reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) methods are available but are of variable sensitivity.

有各种逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(扩增核糖核酸基因组RT–PCR)检测试验方法，但灵敏度各不相同。

6.Objective To study the value of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosing herpes virus infection of eye bank cornea donor.

目的应用多引物pcr方法快速诊断眼库供体角膜疱疹病毒感染，探讨角膜移植术后移植衰竭和疱疹病毒感染的关系。

7.The enzyme polymerase is crucial for DNA replication.

酶聚合酶对DNA复制至关重要。

8.A malfunctioning polymerase can lead to genetic disorders.

功能失常的聚合酶可能导致遗传疾病。

9.Researchers often study polymerase activity to understand mutations.

研究人员经常研究聚合酶的活性以了解突变。

10.In PCR, a special type of polymerase is used to amplify DNA.

在PCR中，使用一种特殊类型的聚合酶来扩增DNA。

11.The polymerase enzyme synthesizes new strands of DNA.

该聚合酶酶合成新的DNA链。

作文

In the field of molecular biology, understanding the role of enzymes is crucial for comprehending various biological processes. One such enzyme that plays a pivotal role in DNA and RNA synthesis is known as polymerase. The term polymerase refers to a type of enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. This process is essential for replication and transcription, making polymerase a fundamental component of cellular function.To delve deeper into its significance, we must first explore the two main types of polymerase: DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA during the replication process. It adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand, ensuring that the genetic information is accurately copied and passed on to daughter cells during cell division. Without the action of DNA polymerase, cells would not be able to reproduce effectively, leading to the eventual failure of biological systems.On the other hand, RNA polymerase plays a different yet equally important role in the process of transcription, where the information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. The functioning of RNA polymerase is vital for gene expression, as it determines which genes are turned on or off in a cell, thus influencing cellular behavior and function.The study of polymerase has also led to significant advancements in biotechnology and medicine. For instance, the discovery of Taq polymerase, an enzyme derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, revolutionized the field of molecular biology by enabling the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique allows scientists to amplify specific segments of DNA, making it possible to analyze genetic material with high precision. PCR has become an indispensable tool in various applications, including forensic science, medical diagnostics, and genetic research.Moreover, understanding the mechanisms of polymerase activity has implications in the field of cancer research. Many cancer therapies target the replication process of rapidly dividing cells, and some of these treatments involve inhibiting the activity of DNA polymerase. By doing so, researchers aim to prevent cancer cells from proliferating uncontrollably. This highlights the importance of polymerase not only in normal cellular functions but also in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases.In conclusion, the enzyme polymerase is a cornerstone of molecular biology, facilitating essential processes such as DNA replication and RNA transcription. Its diverse forms, including DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase, play critical roles in maintaining the integrity of genetic information and regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the applications of polymerase in biotechnology and medicine underscore its significance in advancing scientific knowledge and improving human health. As research continues to uncover the complexities of polymerase functions, we can anticipate further innovations that harness its capabilities for the betterment of society.

在分子生物学领域，理解酶的作用对于理解各种生物过程至关重要。一种在DNA和RNA合成中发挥关键作用的酶被称为聚合酶。术语聚合酶指的是一种催化核苷酸聚合的酶，核苷酸是DNA和RNA等核酸的基本构件。这一过程对于复制和转录至关重要，使得聚合酶成为细胞功能的基本组成部分。为了更深入地探讨其重要性，我们必须首先研究两种主要类型的聚合酶：DNA聚合酶和RNA聚合酶。DNA聚合酶负责在复制过程中合成新的DNA链。它将核苷酸添加到生长中的DNA链上，确保遗传信息被准确复制并传递给子细胞。在没有DNA聚合酶的作用下，细胞将无法有效繁殖，导致生物系统最终失败。另一方面，RNA聚合酶在转录过程中发挥不同但同样重要的作用，在这一过程中，DNA中编码的信息被转录为信使RNA（mRNA）。然后，这种mRNA作为蛋白质合成的模板。在基因表达过程中，RNA聚合酶的功能至关重要，因为它决定了细胞中哪些基因被开启或关闭，从而影响细胞行为和功能。对聚合酶的研究还推动了生物技术和医学的重大进展。例如，Taq聚合酶的发现，一种来自嗜热细菌Thermus aquaticus的酶，彻底改变了分子生物学领域，通过使科学家能够开发聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术。这一技术使得科学家能够扩增特定的DNA片段，从而能够高精度地分析遗传材料。PCR已经成为在法医学、医学诊断和遗传研究等各种应用中不可或缺的工具。此外，理解聚合酶活性的机制在癌症研究领域具有重要意义。许多癌症疗法针对快速分裂细胞的复制过程，其中一些治疗涉及抑制DNA聚合酶的活性。通过这样做，研究人员旨在防止癌细胞失控增殖。这突显了聚合酶在正常细胞功能和针对疾病的治疗策略发展中的重要性。总之，酶聚合酶是分子生物学的基石，促进了DNA复制和RNA转录等基本过程。其多样的形式，包括DNA聚合酶和RNA聚合酶，在维持遗传信息的完整性和调节基因表达中发挥着关键作用。此外，聚合酶在生物技术和医学中的应用强调了其在推动科学知识进步和改善人类健康方面的重要性。随着研究不断揭示聚合酶功能的复杂性，我们可以期待进一步的创新，利用其能力造福社会。