centromere

简明释义

英[ˈsentrəˌmɪə]美[ˈsentrəˌmɪr]

n. （生物学）着丝粒；着丝点

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Using DNA probe specific for centromere region of chromosome 3,7,8,9 and 12, we have detected the lymphocyte of peripheral blood, the fresh tissue and the paraffin section of tumor tissue.

用3、7、8、9、 1 2号染色体着丝粒特异性DNA探针，分别对外周静脉血的淋巴细胞、新鲜实体瘤组织、瘤组织石蜡切片进行染色体检测。

2.The paper has summarized development of biochemical component and ultrastructure of heterochromatin in eukaryote with an introduction to the development of ultrastructure in centromere.

概述了异染色质生化组成及其在超微结构方面的研究进展，着重介绍了着丝粒的异染色质超微结构研究。

3.BAC clones corresponding to telomeres, as well as to the centromere position and the gap sizes between contigs, were determined by BAC-pachytene chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

端粒克隆、着丝粒克隆以及重叠群之间空缺的大小都经过粗线期染色体荧光原位杂交鉴定。

4.Table is presented listing the results obtained including the relative length, arm ratio and centromere index of each chromosome.

图表中出现的结果包括每条染色体的相对长度、臂比、着丝点指数。

5.The routine staining method is based on the differences in the length of chromosome and the site of centromere to distinguish the aberration.

常规染色法主要是通过观察染色体长度和着丝粒位置改变识别畸变。

6.The three strategies to construct HAC have been explored without full knowledge of chromosome elements such as centromere, telomere and replication origin.

本文探讨了在不完全了解着丝粒、复制起始点、端粒等人类染色体基本功能单位的情况下构建HAC的三种策略。

7.Each DNA molecule that forms a chromosome must contain a centromere, two telomeres, and replicating origins.

每个dna分子包含一个着丝粒、两个端粒和多个复制源。

8.Centromere is the primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together.

着丝点是染色体的主缢痕，在这个地方姐妹染色单体连在一起。

9.The duplicates are attached to each other at a constricted region called the centromere.

对偶体彼此相连于称为着丝粒的缩小的区域。

10.During cell division, the two sister chromatids are held together at the centromere 着丝粒.

在细胞分裂过程中，两个姐妹染色单体通过centromere 着丝粒相连。

11.The centromere 着丝粒 is essential for the attachment of spindle fibers during mitosis.

在有丝分裂期间，centromere 着丝粒对于纺锤体纤维的附着是必不可少的。

12.A malfunction in the centromere 着丝粒 can lead to chromosomal abnormalities.

在centromere 着丝粒出现故障时可能导致染色体异常。

13.Researchers study the centromere 着丝粒 to understand genetic stability during cell replication.

研究人员研究centromere 着丝粒以了解细胞复制过程中的遗传稳定性。

14.The centromere 着丝粒 plays a crucial role in the proper segregation of chromosomes.

在染色体的正确分离中，centromere 着丝粒起着至关重要的作用。

作文

The study of genetics has always fascinated scientists and researchers alike. One of the key components in understanding how chromosomes behave during cell division is the structure known as the centromere. The centromere is a specialized region of a chromosome that plays a crucial role in ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. It serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers, which are essential for pulling the sister chromatids apart when a cell divides. Without the centromere, the process of cell division would be chaotic, leading to genetic abnormalities and diseases.To delve deeper into its function, we must first understand the structure of a chromosome. Each chromosome consists of two identical halves called sister chromatids, which are joined together at the centromere. This region is often characterized by a constricted appearance, making it visually distinct under a microscope. During cell division, the centromere ensures that each sister chromatid is pulled to opposite poles of the cell, thus guaranteeing that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.The importance of the centromere extends beyond mere physical attachment. It is also involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Proteins that bind to the centromere are critical in signaling the cell's machinery to initiate division at the right time. If the centromere does not function properly, it can lead to errors in chromosome segregation, which may result in conditions such as Down syndrome or cancer.Moreover, research into the centromere has revealed its complex nature. Not all centromeres are created equal; they can vary significantly between different organisms and even among different chromosomes within the same organism. Some species possess what are known as 'holocentric' chromosomes, where the centromere activity is spread along the entire length of the chromosome, rather than being localized to a single point. This diversity highlights the evolutionary adaptations that have occurred in response to the demands of chromosome stability and segregation.In recent years, advances in technology have allowed scientists to visualize and manipulate the centromere in ways previously thought impossible. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing have opened new avenues for exploring the genetic material associated with the centromere, potentially leading to breakthroughs in our understanding of genetic disorders.In conclusion, the centromere is far more than just a structural feature of chromosomes; it is a vital component of cellular function and genetic integrity. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of this fascinating region, we stand on the brink of new discoveries that could significantly impact the fields of genetics, medicine, and biotechnology. Understanding the centromere not only enhances our comprehension of cellular processes but also paves the way for innovative approaches to treat genetic diseases and improve human health.

遗传学的研究一直吸引着科学家和研究人员。理解染色体在细胞分裂过程中如何运作的关键组成部分之一是称为着丝粒的结构。着丝粒是染色体的一个特殊区域，在确保染色体在有丝分裂和减数分裂期间正确分离方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它作为纺锤丝的附着点，这对于在细胞分裂时拉开姐妹染色单体至关重要。如果没有着丝粒，细胞分裂的过程将会混乱，导致遗传异常和疾病。要更深入地了解其功能，我们必须首先了解染色体的结构。每条染色体由两个相同的半部称为姐妹染色单体组成，它们在着丝粒处连接在一起。这个区域通常具有收缩的外观，使其在显微镜下视觉上显得独特。在细胞分裂过程中，着丝粒确保每个姐妹染色单体被拉向细胞的相对极，从而保证每个子细胞接收到一组相同的染色体。着丝粒的重要性超越了单纯的物理附着。它还参与细胞周期的调节。结合到着丝粒的蛋白质对于向细胞的机制发出信号，以在适当的时间启动分裂至关重要。如果着丝粒未能正常工作，则可能导致染色体分离错误，这可能导致唐氏综合症或癌症等疾病。此外，对着丝粒的研究揭示了其复杂性。并非所有的着丝粒都是相同的；它们在不同生物体之间甚至在同一生物体内的不同染色体之间可能有显著差异。一些物种具有所谓的“全着丝粒”染色体，其中着丝粒活动沿着整个染色体的长度分布，而不是局限于单个点。这种多样性突显了在染色体稳定性和分离要求下发生的进化适应。近年来，技术的进步使科学家能够以前所未有的方式可视化和操纵着丝粒。如CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑等技术为探索与着丝粒相关的遗传物质开辟了新的途径，可能导致我们对遗传疾病理解的突破。总之，着丝粒不仅仅是染色体的一个结构特征；它是细胞功能和遗传完整性的关键组成部分。随着研究继续揭示这一迷人区域的复杂性，我们站在新发现的边缘，这可能会显著影响遗传学、医学和生物技术领域。理解着丝粒不仅增强了我们对细胞过程的理解，还为治疗遗传疾病和改善人类健康开辟了创新的方法。