low temperature brittleness

简明释义

低温脆性

英英释义

例句

1.Testing for low temperature brittleness 低温脆性 is crucial for ensuring safety in construction materials.

测试低温脆性对于确保建筑材料的安全至关重要。

2.The research focused on the low temperature brittleness 低温脆性 of various alloys used in aerospace applications.

研究集中在用于航空航天应用的各种合金的低温脆性上。

3.Engine components must be designed to avoid low temperature brittleness 低温脆性 for better performance in cold climates.

发动机部件必须设计成避免低温脆性，以便在寒冷气候中获得更好的性能。

4.The material showed signs of low temperature brittleness 低温脆性 when tested at sub-zero temperatures.

在零下温度下测试时，材料显示出低温脆性的迹象。

5.Manufacturers need to consider low temperature brittleness 低温脆性 when selecting materials for outdoor equipment.

制造商在选择户外设备的材料时需要考虑低温脆性。

作文

The phenomenon of low temperature brittleness is a critical concern in the field of materials science and engineering. It refers to the tendency of certain materials, particularly metals and polymers, to become brittle and lose their ductility when exposed to low temperatures. Understanding this property is essential for ensuring the integrity and reliability of materials used in various applications, especially those subjected to extreme environmental conditions.When materials are exposed to low temperatures, their atomic and molecular structures can change significantly. For instance, metals that typically exhibit good toughness at room temperature may experience low temperature brittleness when cooled below a certain threshold. This transition can lead to catastrophic failures in structures such as bridges, pipelines, and pressure vessels, where the ability to absorb energy without fracturing is crucial.One of the most famous examples of low temperature brittleness occurred during the failure of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940. Although this particular incident was primarily due to aerodynamic forces, it highlights the importance of understanding material properties under varying temperature conditions. Engineers must consider how materials will behave in cold weather, especially in regions that experience harsh winters.In addition to metals, polymers also exhibit low temperature brittleness. Many plastics become rigid and less flexible at low temperatures, which can affect their performance in applications ranging from automotive components to packaging materials. For example, a polymer used in a car's exterior might become brittle in cold weather, leading to cracking or breaking upon impact. Therefore, selecting the right materials for specific temperature ranges is vital for product durability and safety.To mitigate the risks associated with low temperature brittleness, engineers and scientists employ various strategies. One approach is to alloy metals with elements that enhance their toughness at low temperatures. For instance, adding nickel to steel can improve its low-temperature performance, making it suitable for applications in arctic environments. Similarly, developing new polymer formulations that retain flexibility at lower temperatures can help prevent brittleness in critical applications.Moreover, testing materials for low temperature brittleness is an essential part of the design process. Standards and protocols exist to assess how materials respond to extreme cold, allowing engineers to make informed decisions about material selection and application. By conducting these tests, manufacturers can ensure that their products will perform reliably under expected service conditions.In conclusion, understanding low temperature brittleness is vital for engineers and designers across various industries. As we continue to develop new materials and technologies, recognizing how different substances behave at low temperatures will play a crucial role in enhancing safety and performance. By addressing the challenges posed by low temperature brittleness, we can create more robust and reliable structures and products that withstand the rigors of their environments.

“低温脆性”这一现象在材料科学和工程领域中是一个关键问题。它指的是某些材料，特别是金属和聚合物，在暴露于低温时变得脆弱并失去韧性的倾向。理解这一特性对于确保在各种应用中使用的材料的完整性和可靠性至关重要，尤其是在极端环境条件下。当材料暴露于低温时，其原子和分子结构可能会发生显著变化。例如，通常在室温下表现出良好韧性的金属，当冷却到某个阈值以下时，可能会经历“低温脆性”。这种转变可能导致桥梁、管道和压力容器等结构的灾难性故障，在这些结构中，吸收能量而不破裂的能力至关重要。“低温脆性”的一个著名例子发生在1940年塔科马海峡大桥的失败中。尽管这一事件主要是由于气动力造成的，但它突显了理解材料在不同温度条件下行为的重要性。工程师必须考虑材料在寒冷天气中的表现，尤其是在经历严冬的地区。除了金属，聚合物也表现出“低温脆性”。许多塑料在低温下变得刚性和不那么灵活，这可能会影响它们在汽车组件到包装材料等应用中的性能。例如，汽车外部使用的聚合物在寒冷天气中可能变得脆弱，导致在冲击时开裂或断裂。因此，为特定温度范围选择合适的材料对产品的耐用性和安全性至关重要。为了减轻与“低温脆性”相关的风险，工程师和科学家采用各种策略。一种方法是通过合金化金属，添加增强其在低温下韧性的元素。例如，向钢中添加镍可以改善其低温性能，使其适合在北极环境中使用。同样，开发新的聚合物配方，使其在较低温度下保持灵活性，可以帮助防止在关键应用中的脆性。此外，对材料进行“低温脆性”测试是设计过程的重要组成部分。存在评估材料在极端寒冷条件下如何反应的标准和协议，使工程师能够对材料选择和应用做出明智的决策。通过进行这些测试，制造商可以确保其产品在预期的服务条件下可靠运行。总之，理解“低温脆性”对各行业的工程师和设计师至关重要。随着我们继续开发新材料和技术，认识到不同物质在低温下的行为将对增强安全性和性能发挥至关重要的作用。通过解决“低温脆性”带来的挑战，我们可以创造出更坚固、更可靠的结构和产品，以承受其环境的严酷考验。