ribosomes

简明释义

英[/ˈraɪbəˌsoʊmz/]美[/ˈraɪbəˌsoʊmz/]

n. [细胞][生化]核糖体（ribosome 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.“Forget about all the technical issues of making mirror ribosomes, mirror peptides, and mirror DNA, ” he says.

“要产生镜像核糖体、镜像多肽和镜像DNA，抛开技术层面不谈，”斯佐斯塔克说。

2.Many of today's antibiotics cure various diseases by blocking the function of ribosomes in bacteria.

目前，许多抗生素是通过阻断细菌中核糖体的作用来治疗一些疾病的。

3.The NLB of loose structure was frequently associated with free ribosomes and cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

结构疏松，边界不清的NLB与粗面内质网和游离核蛋白体关系密切。

4.And normal ribosomes can't read mirror RNA or string together mirror amino acids.

正常的核糖体也无法阅读镜像RNA并串联镜像氨基酸。

5.Without working ribosomes, bacteria cannot survive.

没有正常运作的核糖体，细菌就无法生存。

6.Dozens of antibiotics - including tetracycline and clindamycin - work by gumming up the ribosomes inside bacteria.

大量的抗生素，包括四环素和氯洁霉素，是通过进入细菌内部的核糖体而对细菌产生抑制作用。

7.Ribosomes are often attached to the outside membrane and it is sometimes continuous with the rough ER.

核糖体经常附着在外核膜上，有时与粗面内质网膜连续。

8.Eukaryotic cells have more complex ribosomes (核糖体) than prokaryotic cells.

真核细胞的核糖体比原核细胞更复杂。

9.Antibiotics can target bacterial ribosomes (核糖体) without affecting human cells.

抗生素可以靶向细菌的核糖体而不影响人类细胞。

10.In the cytoplasm, ribosomes (核糖体) float freely or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

在细胞质中，核糖体可以自由漂浮或附着在内质网。

11.During translation, messenger RNA binds to ribosomes (核糖体) to facilitate protein assembly.

在翻译过程中，信使RNA与核糖体结合以促进蛋白质的组装。

12.The cell's protein synthesis occurs in the presence of ribosomes (核糖体).

细胞的蛋白质合成在核糖体的存在下进行。

作文

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures that play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis. They are often referred to as the 'protein factories' of the cell. The significance of ribosomes (核糖体) cannot be overstated, as they are responsible for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which eventually fold into functional proteins. In this essay, we will explore the structure, function, and importance of ribosomes (核糖体) in biological systems.Firstly, it is important to understand the structure of ribosomes (核糖体). These tiny organelles are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, forming two subunits: the small subunit and the large subunit. In eukaryotic cells, the small subunit is approximately 40S, while the large subunit is about 60S, making the complete ribosome around 80S. In prokaryotic cells, the sizes are slightly different, with the small subunit being 30S and the large subunit 50S, resulting in a total of 70S. This difference in size is one of the key distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.The primary function of ribosomes (核糖体) is to synthesize proteins by translating the genetic information carried by mRNA. The process begins when mRNA binds to the small subunit of the ribosome (核糖体). Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules then bring specific amino acids to the ribosome (核糖体), matching their anticodons with the codons on the mRNA strand. As the ribosome (核糖体) moves along the mRNA, it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the end of protein synthesis.In addition to their role in protein synthesis, ribosomes (核糖体) also have a significant impact on cellular metabolism and function. Proteins produced by ribosomes (核糖体) are involved in virtually every cellular process, including enzymatic reactions, structural support, and signaling pathways. Therefore, any malfunction or deficiency in ribosomes (核糖体) can lead to severe consequences for the cell and, consequently, the organism as a whole.Moreover, ribosomes (核糖体) are not only found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells but also in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have their own unique ribosomes (核糖体). These organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, leading to a symbiotic relationship. This evolutionary perspective highlights the fundamental role of ribosomes (核糖体) in the development of complex life forms.In conclusion, ribosomes (核糖体) are vital components of all living cells, serving as the machinery for protein synthesis and influencing various cellular functions. Their intricate structure and essential role in translating genetic information underscore the importance of understanding ribosomes (核糖体) in biology. Research into ribosomes (核糖体) continues to reveal new insights into their functions, interactions, and implications for health and disease. As we advance our knowledge in molecular biology, the study of ribosomes (核糖体) will undoubtedly remain a central focus for scientists aiming to unlock the mysteries of life.

核糖体是细胞内必不可少的结构，在蛋白质合成过程中发挥着关键作用。它们通常被称为细胞的“蛋白质工厂”。核糖体的重要性不容小觑，因为它们负责将信使RNA（mRNA）翻译成多肽链，最终折叠成功能性蛋白质。在这篇文章中，我们将探讨核糖体的结构、功能及其在生物系统中的重要性。首先，了解核糖体的结构非常重要。这些微小的细胞器由核糖体RNA（rRNA）和蛋白质组成，形成两个亚单位：小亚单位和大亚单位。在真核细胞中，小亚单位约为40S，而大亚单位约为60S，使得完整的核糖体大约为80S。在原核细胞中，大小略有不同，小亚单位为30S，大亚单位为50S，总共为70S。这种大小差异是原核细胞和真核细胞之间的一个关键区别。核糖体的主要功能是通过翻译携带遗传信息的mRNA来合成蛋白质。这个过程始于mRNA与核糖体的小亚单位结合。然后，转运RNA（tRNA）分子将特定的氨基酸带到核糖体，使其反密码子与mRNA链上的密码子相匹配。当核糖体沿着mRNA移动时，它催化氨基酸之间肽键的形成，创建一个不断增长的多肽链。这个过程持续进行，直到达到终止密码子，信号表示蛋白质合成结束。除了在蛋白质合成中的作用外，核糖体还对细胞代谢和功能产生重大影响。由核糖体合成的蛋白质参与几乎每一个细胞过程，包括酶促反应、结构支持和信号通路。因此，任何核糖体的故障或缺陷都可能对细胞及其整体生物体造成严重后果。此外，核糖体不仅存在于真核细胞和原核细胞中，还存在于线粒体和叶绿体等细胞器中，这些细胞器具有自己独特的核糖体。这些细胞器被认为起源于被祖先真核细胞吞噬的自由生活原核生物，从而形成了共生关系。这一进化观点突显了核糖体在复杂生命形式发展中的基本作用。总之，核糖体是所有活细胞的重要组成部分，作为蛋白质合成的机器，影响各种细胞功能。它们复杂的结构和在翻译遗传信息中的重要作用强调了理解核糖体在生物学中的重要性。对核糖体的研究持续揭示其功能、相互作用以及对健康和疾病的影响。随着我们在分子生物学领域知识的进步，核糖体的研究无疑将继续成为科学家们解开生命奥秘的核心焦点。