internal energy

简明释义

内能

英英释义

例句

1.When a gas is heated, its internal energy increases, leading to higher pressure if the volume is constant.

当气体被加热时，其内能增加，如果体积保持不变，压力会升高。

2.The total amount of internal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a system.

总的内能是系统中所有粒子的动能和势能之和。

3.Understanding internal energy is crucial for engineers designing thermodynamic systems.

理解内能对于设计热力学系统的工程师至关重要。

4.The internal energy of a substance can be affected by changes in temperature and phase.

物质的内能可以受到温度和相态变化的影响。

5.In an adiabatic process, the change in internal energy is equal to the work done on or by the system.

在绝热过程中，内能的变化等于施加在系统上的或由系统做的功。

作文

The concept of internal energy is fundamental in the field of thermodynamics, which studies the relationships between heat, work, and energy. In simple terms, internal energy refers to the total energy contained within a system. This includes the kinetic energy of the particles that make up the system, as well as the potential energy associated with the interactions between these particles. Understanding internal energy is crucial for analyzing how systems respond to changes in temperature, pressure, and volume.To illustrate, consider a closed container filled with gas. The molecules within this container are constantly moving and colliding with one another and the walls of the container. The energy associated with this molecular motion is part of the internal energy. When the temperature of the gas increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also rises, leading to an increase in the internal energy of the system. Conversely, if the gas cools down, the kinetic energy decreases, resulting in a reduction of internal energy.Moreover, internal energy is not only dependent on temperature but also on the amount of substance present in the system. For example, if we have two containers of gas at the same temperature, but one contains twice as much gas as the other, the container with more gas will have a higher internal energy. This is because there are more molecules contributing to the overall energy of the system.Another important aspect of internal energy is its role in the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. According to this law, any change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system on its surroundings. This relationship highlights the interplay between internal energy, heat, and work, and is essential for understanding various physical processes.In practical applications, engineers and scientists often need to calculate the change in internal energy to design efficient engines, refrigerators, and other systems that involve energy transfer. For instance, in an engine, fuel combustion generates heat, which increases the internal energy of the gases inside the engine. This increase in energy can then be converted into work, propelling a vehicle forward.In conclusion, the concept of internal energy is integral to our understanding of thermodynamics and energy transfer. It encompasses the total energy within a system, influenced by factors such as temperature and quantity of substance. By grasping the principles surrounding internal energy, we can better comprehend how energy flows and transforms in various physical and engineering contexts.

“内能”的概念在热力学领域中是基础的，热力学研究热、功和能量之间的关系。简单来说，内能指的是系统内部所包含的总能量。这包括构成系统的粒子的动能，以及与这些粒子之间相互作用相关的势能。理解内能对于分析系统如何响应温度、压力和体积的变化至关重要。例如，考虑一个充满气体的封闭容器。这个容器内的分子不断地运动并相互碰撞，以及与容器壁碰撞。与这种分子运动相关的能量就是内能的一部分。当气体的温度升高时，分子的动能也会增加，从而导致系统的内能增加。相反，如果气体降温，动能减少，导致内能降低。此外，内能不仅依赖于温度，还依赖于系统中物质的数量。例如，如果我们有两个气体容器，温度相同，但一个容器的气体量是另一个的两倍，那么气体量更多的容器将具有更高的内能。这是因为更多的分子对系统的整体能量做出了贡献。内能的另一个重要方面是它在热力学第一定律中的作用，该定律指出能量不能被创造或摧毁，只能从一种形式转化为另一种形式。根据这一法则，系统的内能的任何变化等于添加到系统的热量减去系统对周围环境所做的功。这一关系突显了内能、热量和功之间的相互作用，对于理解各种物理过程至关重要。在实际应用中，工程师和科学家常常需要计算内能的变化，以设计高效的发动机、冰箱和其他涉及能量转移的系统。例如，在发动机中，燃料的燃烧产生热量，从而增加发动机内部气体的内能。这种能量的增加可以转化为功，使车辆向前推进。总之，内能的概念对于我们理解热力学和能量转移是不可或缺的。它包括系统内部的总能量，受温度和物质数量等因素的影响。通过掌握关于内能的原则，我们可以更好地理解能量在各种物理和工程背景下的流动和转化。