cartel

简明释义

英[kɑːˈtel]美[kɑːrˈtel]

n. 卡特尔；企业联合；垄断联盟；俘虏交换条约

n. （Cartel）人名；（法）卡泰尔

复 数 c a r t e l s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.BA and others have already been fined in America and Europe for operating the cartel.

因为运营卡特尔，英国航空公司和其他航空公司此前在美国和欧洲已经被罚。

2.A few years ago, China suggested that the major energy consumers organize to deal more effectively with the producers' cartel.

几年前，中国建议主要能源消费国联合起来，更有效地应对能源生产国联盟。这一建议很值得考虑，但目的要更宽泛。

3.When the same effect is produced by an agreement among several firms, the group of firms is called a cartel.

由多个公司组成的协议联盟，被称之为“卡特尔”的组织也会带来同样的效应。

4.He cut his teeth breaking up a mob-connected trucking cartel[2].

在打破勾结犯罪团伙垄断货车运输业的某卡特尔一案中，他小试牛刀。 （译注：cut one’steeth [on sth.]

5.Signs say two people were killed for denouncing cartel activities on the Internet.

有迹象说，两人因在互联网上谴责贩毒活动而丧生。

6.Stanford is also reportedly under investigation for laundering money on behalf of Mexico's infamous Gulf Cartel.

据报道，斯坦福还因替墨西哥臭名远扬的海湾犯罪集团洗钱而接受调查。

7.Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace.

通过卡特尔进行的正式价格垄断，以及通过涵盖行业成员的协议进行的非正式价格垄断，都是司空见惯的。

8.The cartel said just last week that it would meet in mid-November, after the United States elections.

这个卡特尔上周表示会在美国大选后的11月中旬召开会议。

9.The oil-producing countries formed a cartel to control prices in the global market.

这些产油国形成了一个卡特尔以控制全球市场的价格。

10.The drug cartel was involved in illegal activities across several countries.

这个毒品卡特尔在多个国家从事非法活动。

11.The government cracked down on the food cartel that was fixing prices.

政府打击了操纵价格的食品卡特尔。

12.Economists often study how cartels affect market dynamics.

经济学家经常研究卡特尔如何影响市场动态。

13.Many governments have laws against cartels to promote fair competition.

许多国家都有反对卡特尔的法律，以促进公平竞争。

作文

In the world of economics and business, the term cartel refers to a group of independent companies that join together to regulate production, pricing, and marketing of a product or service. The primary objective of a cartel is to increase profits by controlling market conditions and reducing competition. This practice can lead to higher prices for consumers and limited choices in the marketplace. One of the most notorious examples of a cartel is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which controls a significant portion of the world's oil supply and influences global oil prices.The existence of cartels is often viewed negatively because they undermine the principles of free-market competition. When businesses collude to fix prices or restrict output, they can create an artificial scarcity, leading to inflated prices. For instance, if a group of companies in the same industry forms a cartel, they may agree to set a minimum price for their products, preventing any company from lowering prices to attract more customers. This behavior can be detrimental to consumers who are left with fewer options and higher costs.Governments around the world have taken measures to combat cartels through antitrust laws and regulations. In many countries, it is illegal for companies to engage in collusion, and violators can face heavy fines and penalties. For example, in the United States, the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits any agreement that restrains trade, including the formation of a cartel. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) actively investigates and prosecutes cases involving cartels to protect consumer interests and promote fair competition.Despite the legal repercussions, some cartels continue to operate covertly. Companies may use various tactics to disguise their collusion, such as informal meetings or coded language in communications. Whistleblowers play a crucial role in exposing these illegal activities, and many governments offer leniency or rewards to individuals who provide information about cartel operations.The impact of cartels extends beyond just economic implications; they can also affect political stability and social equity. In some cases, cartels may engage in corrupt practices, bribing officials to maintain their operations and evade detection. This corruption can erode public trust in institutions and hinder economic development.In conclusion, the term cartel represents a complex and often controversial aspect of modern economics. While the desire for companies to maximize profits is understandable, the formation of cartels poses significant risks to consumers and the overall health of the economy. It is essential for regulatory bodies to remain vigilant and enforce laws against collusion to ensure a competitive and fair marketplace. Understanding the dynamics of cartels is crucial for anyone interested in economics, business ethics, and consumer rights.

在经济和商业的世界中，术语卡特尔指的是一组独立公司联合起来，以规范某种产品或服务的生产、定价和营销。卡特尔的主要目标是通过控制市场条件和减少竞争来增加利润。这种做法可能导致消费者价格上涨和市场选择有限。最臭名昭著的卡特尔之一是石油输出国组织（OPEC），它控制着全球相当大一部分的石油供应，并影响全球油价。卡特尔的存在通常被视为负面，因为它们破坏了自由市场竞争的原则。当企业串通固定价格或限制产量时，它们可能会造成人为稀缺，导致价格上涨。例如，如果同一行业的一组公司形成一个卡特尔，他们可能会同意为其产品设定最低价格，从而阻止任何公司降低价格以吸引更多客户。这种行为可能对消费者造成不利影响，因为他们面临更少的选择和更高的成本。世界各国政府已经采取措施，通过反垄断法和法规来打击卡特尔。在许多国家，企业串通是非法的，违反者可能面临巨额罚款和处罚。例如，在美国，《谢尔曼反托拉斯法》禁止任何限制贸易的协议，包括形成卡特尔。联邦贸易委员会（FTC）积极调查和起诉涉及卡特尔的案件，以保护消费者利益并促进公平竞争。尽管有法律后果，一些卡特尔仍然继续秘密运作。公司可能使用各种策略来掩饰它们的串通，例如非正式会议或通信中的编码语言。举报人在揭露这些非法活动中发挥了关键作用，许多政府向提供有关卡特尔运营信息的个人提供宽恕或奖励。卡特尔的影响不仅限于经济影响；它们还可能影响政治稳定和社会公平。在某些情况下，卡特尔可能参与腐败行为，贿赂官员以维持其运营并逃避检测。这种腐败可能侵蚀公众对机构的信任，并阻碍经济发展。总之，术语卡特尔代表了现代经济学中的一个复杂且常常有争议的方面。虽然公司最大化利润的愿望是可以理解的，但卡特尔的形成对消费者和整体经济健康构成了重大风险。监管机构必须保持警惕，并执行反对串通的法律，以确保竞争和公平的市场。了解卡特尔的动态对于任何对经济学、商业伦理和消费者权利感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的。