plasmids

简明释义

英[ˈplæzmɪdz]美[plæzˈmɪdz]

n. [遗]质粒（plasmid 的复数）；质体

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In addition, constructed plasmids can be by gap repair of this technology.

此外可运用该技术中缺口修复的方法构建质粒。

2.These plasmids occur naturally in nature; they were discovered in micro-organisms and they also confer some biological properties onto micro-organisms.

这些质粒在自然界中自然存在；它们是在微生物中发现的，它们也赋予了微生物一些生物学特性。

3.The positive plasmids were transformed into E. coli JM109 for further replication.

将阳性质粒转入JM 109大肠埃希菌增殖。

4.ABA could improve the expression of some of these chimeric plasmids.

ABA具有诱导嵌合植物表达载体表达的作用。

5.Finally, we could evaluate plasmids cDNA extracted with mono-restriction endonuclease enzyme and the AGAR gel electrophoresis.

最后用限制性内切酶单酶切及琼脂凝胶电泳进行鉴定。

6.These plasmids were introduced into S. lividans TK24, respectively and five genetic engineering strains were constructed.

相应地将构建的表达质粒导入变铅青链霉菌TK24中获得五株基因工程菌株。

7.In synthetic biology, plasmids are essential tools for constructing genetically modified organisms.

在合成生物学中，质粒是构建转基因生物的重要工具。

8.The transformation of bacteria with plasmids is a common technique in molecular biology laboratories.

用质粒转化细菌是分子生物学实验室中的一种常见技术。

9.The plasmids can carry antibiotic resistance genes, making them useful in studying bacterial evolution.

这些质粒可以携带抗生素抗性基因，使它们在研究细菌进化中非常有用。

10.Researchers often use plasmids to introduce new genes into bacteria for genetic studies.

研究人员通常使用质粒将新基因引入细菌进行遗传研究。

11.Scientists can create recombinant plasmids to produce insulin for diabetes treatment.

科学家可以创建重组质粒来生产用于糖尿病治疗的胰岛素。

作文

In the realm of molecular biology, the term plasmids refers to small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that are distinct from chromosomal DNA. These plasmids are primarily found in bacteria, although they can also be present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. Their significance lies not only in their structural uniqueness but also in their functional versatility. For instance, plasmids often carry genes that provide bacteria with advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize unusual substances. This characteristic makes them a focal point in genetic engineering and biotechnology.One of the most fascinating aspects of plasmids is their role in horizontal gene transfer, a process that allows for the exchange of genetic material between organisms without sexual reproduction. This mechanism is vital for the rapid adaptation of bacterial populations, especially in response to environmental changes. When a bacterium acquires a new plasmid, it may gain new capabilities that enhance its survival. For example, if a bacterium acquires a plasmid that encodes resistance to a particular antibiotic, it can thrive in environments where that antibiotic is present, while other susceptible bacteria perish.The use of plasmids extends beyond natural processes; they are indispensable tools in genetic engineering. Scientists have developed various types of plasmids that can be used to clone, express, and manipulate genes in laboratory settings. A common application involves inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid, which is then introduced into a host cell, allowing for the production of specific proteins. This technique has numerous applications, including the production of insulin, vaccines, and other therapeutic proteins.Moreover, plasmids can serve as vectors for gene therapy, where they are used to deliver therapeutic genes to patients suffering from genetic disorders. By harnessing the natural abilities of plasmids to enter cells and replicate, researchers aim to correct defective genes responsible for diseases. This innovative approach holds promise for treating conditions such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and certain types of cancer.Despite their many advantages, the use of plasmids in biotechnology raises concerns regarding biosecurity and ethical implications. The potential for engineered plasmids to inadvertently confer harmful traits to pathogenic bacteria poses risks to public health. Therefore, strict regulations and safety measures are essential when working with these genetic tools.In conclusion, plasmids are remarkable elements of molecular biology that play crucial roles in both natural ecosystems and biotechnological applications. Their ability to facilitate gene transfer and serve as vectors for genetic manipulation underscores their importance in science and medicine. As research continues to unveil the complexities of plasmids, we can expect to see further advancements in genetic engineering, leading to innovative solutions for some of the world’s most pressing health challenges.

在分子生物学领域，术语质粒指的是小型、环状、双链DNA分子，它们与染色体DNA不同。这些质粒主要存在于细菌中，尽管它们也可以在古菌和真核生物中找到。它们的重要性不仅在于其结构的独特性，还在于其功能的多样性。例如，质粒通常携带使细菌具备优势特性的基因，如抗生素耐药性或代谢不寻常物质的能力。这一特性使得它们成为基因工程和生物技术的重点。质粒最引人注目的方面之一是它们在水平基因转移中的作用，这一过程允许生物体之间在没有性繁殖的情况下交换遗传物质。这一机制对于细菌群体快速适应环境变化至关重要。当细菌获得新的质粒时，它可能会获得增强生存能力的新能力。例如，如果细菌获得了编码对特定抗生素耐药的质粒，它可以在该抗生素存在的环境中生存，而其他易感细菌则会灭亡。质粒的用途超出了自然过程；它们是基因工程中不可或缺的工具。科学家们开发了各种类型的质粒，可用于克隆、表达和操纵实验室中的基因。一种常见的应用涉及将感兴趣的基因插入质粒中，然后将其引入宿主细胞，从而允许特定蛋白质的生产。这项技术有许多应用，包括胰岛素、疫苗和其他治疗蛋白的生产。此外，质粒可以作为基因治疗的载体，用于将治疗基因输送给患有遗传疾病的患者。通过利用质粒进入细胞和复制的自然能力，研究人员旨在修正导致疾病的缺陷基因。这种创新方法为治疗囊性纤维化、肌肉萎缩症和某些类型癌症等疾病提供了希望。尽管有许多优点，但在生物技术中使用质粒引发了有关生物安全性和伦理影响的担忧。经过工程改造的质粒可能会无意中赋予致病细菌有害特性，给公共健康带来风险。因此，在处理这些遗传工具时，严格的法规和安全措施是必不可少的。总之，质粒是分子生物学的杰出元素，在自然生态系统和生物技术应用中发挥着关键作用。它们促进基因转移和作为基因操作载体的能力突显了它们在科学和医学中的重要性。随着研究继续揭示质粒的复杂性，我们可以期待在基因工程方面进一步取得进展，从而为解决一些世界上最紧迫的健康挑战提供创新解决方案。