transcriptase

简明释义

英[trænˈskrɪpteɪz]美[trænˈskrɪpteɪs]

n. [生化] 转录酶

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The compounds interfere with the activities of telomerase and reverse transcriptase, and are useful as antivirals, antibacterials and anticancer agents.

所述化合物干扰端粒末端转移酶和反转录酶的活性，并可以用作抗病毒、抗菌和抗癌剂。

2.Telomerase a eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein complex contains both essential rna and a protein reverse transcriptase subunit.

端粒酶是一个特殊的具有反转录活性的核糖核蛋白。

3.The former two kinds of drugs in early HIV replication, reverse transcriptase inhibitor;

前二种药物作用于艾滋病病毒复制的早期，抑制逆转录酶；

4.Dr Spadafora showed recently that reverse transcriptase is required for mouse embryos to develop.

Spadafora博士最近的研究显示，逆转录酶在白鼠胚胎发育中是必需的。

5.As the reverse transcriptase is lack of effective function of proofreading the bases, the HBV genome is easier to mutate than other DNA viruses.

HBV复制过程中要经过逆转录，由于逆转录酶缺乏有效的碱基校对功能，故hbv基因组比一般dna病毒易发生变异。

6.Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA levels of active efflux gene CDR1 and CDR2.

用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT - PCR)方法检测主动外排泵基因CDR1和CDR2的表达水平。

7.Baltimore shared a nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1975 for the discovery of reverse transcriptase .

巴尔帝摩由于发现了反转录酶在1975年分得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

8.The mutation rate of resistance to reverse transcriptase was 38.9 %(14/36).

逆转录酶基因耐药性突变的发生率是38.9%（14/36）。

9.Heaven with Him: Yes, a new reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and dual role of deoxycytidine similar, can increase the CD4 cell count.

同他天定：是一种新的逆转录酶抑制剂，作用与双脱氧胞苷相似，能增加cd 4细胞数。

10.The enzyme transcriptase is crucial for converting RNA into DNA during the viral replication process.

酶转录酶在病毒复制过程中将RNA转化为DNA至关重要。

11.The function of transcriptase is essential for retroviruses like HIV to integrate their genetic material into host cells.

对于HIV等逆转录病毒来说，转录酶的功能对将其遗传物质整合到宿主细胞中是必不可少的。

12.Inhibiting transcriptase can be a potential strategy for developing antiviral drugs.

抑制转录酶可能是开发抗病毒药物的一种潜在策略。

13.Researchers are studying how transcriptase affects gene expression in different cell types.

研究人员正在研究转录酶如何影响不同细胞类型中的基因表达。

14.The study revealed that transcriptase plays a significant role in the transcription process.

研究表明，转录酶在转录过程中发挥了重要作用。

作文

In the realm of molecular biology, the term transcriptase refers to a critical enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. This process is known as transcription, which is the first step in gene expression. Understanding the role of transcriptase is essential for comprehending how genetic information is converted into functional proteins that perform various tasks within living organisms. The discovery of transcriptase has significantly advanced our knowledge of cellular processes. For instance, the enzyme plays a vital role in the life cycle of retroviruses, such as HIV. These viruses possess RNA as their genetic material and rely on transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA once they enter a host cell. This reverse transcription is crucial for the virus's ability to integrate its genetic material into the host's genome, leading to infection and replication. Moreover, transcriptase is not only limited to viral processes; it also exists in cellular organisms. In eukaryotic cells, there are three main types of RNA polymerases, which act as different forms of transcriptase. RNA polymerase I synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), RNA polymerase II is responsible for messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis, and RNA polymerase III synthesizes transfer RNA (tRNA) and other small RNAs. Each type of transcriptase has a specific function, demonstrating the complexity and precision of genetic regulation. The significance of transcriptase extends beyond basic biology; it has important implications in biotechnology and medicine. For example, understanding how transcriptase functions has led to the development of antiviral drugs that inhibit the enzyme's activity, providing therapeutic options for treating viral infections. Additionally, scientists utilize transcriptase in laboratory techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a powerful tool for amplifying specific RNA sequences. This technique is widely used in research and clinical diagnostics, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic for detecting the presence of the virus. In conclusion, the enzyme transcriptase is a fundamental component of molecular biology, playing a pivotal role in transcription and gene expression. Its functions in both viral and cellular contexts highlight its importance in the life sciences. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of transcriptase, we can expect further advancements in our understanding of genetics, virology, and potential therapeutic strategies. The study of this enzyme not only enhances our comprehension of biological systems but also opens new avenues for innovation in medical science, making it a topic of great relevance in today's world.

在分子生物学领域，术语转录酶指的是一种关键酶，负责从DNA模板合成RNA。这个过程被称为转录，是基因表达的第一步。理解转录酶的作用对于理解遗传信息如何转化为在生物体内执行各种任务的功能蛋白至关重要。转录酶的发现显著推动了我们对细胞过程的认识。例如，该酶在逆转录病毒（如HIV）的生命周期中发挥着重要作用。这些病毒以RNA作为其遗传物质，依赖于转录酶将其RNA转化为DNA，一旦它们进入宿主细胞。这种逆转录对于病毒将其遗传物质整合到宿主基因组中至关重要，从而导致感染和复制。此外，转录酶不仅限于病毒过程；它也存在于细胞生物中。在真核细胞中，有三种主要类型的RNA聚合酶，充当不同形式的转录酶。RNA聚合酶I合成核糖体RNA（rRNA），RNA聚合酶II负责信使RNA（mRNA）的合成，而RNA聚合酶III合成转运RNA（tRNA）和其他小RNA。每种类型的转录酶都有特定的功能，展示了遗传调控的复杂性和精确性。转录酶的重要性超越了基础生物学；它在生物技术和医学中具有重要意义。例如，了解转录酶的功能导致了抗病毒药物的开发，这些药物抑制该酶的活性，为治疗病毒感染提供了治疗选择。此外，科学家们在实验室技术中利用转录酶，如逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR），这是一种强大的工具，用于扩增特定的RNA序列。该技术广泛应用于研究和临床诊断，特别是在COVID-19大流行期间用于检测病毒的存在。总之，酶转录酶是分子生物学的基本组成部分，在转录和基因表达中发挥着关键作用。它在病毒和细胞背景中的功能突显了其在生命科学中的重要性。随着研究继续揭示转录酶的复杂性，我们可以期待在理解遗传学、病毒学和潜在治疗策略方面的进一步进展。对该酶的研究不仅增强了我们对生物系统的理解，还为医学科学中的创新开辟了新的途径，使其成为当今世界极具相关性的主题。