melanosome

简明释义

英[ˈmelənəʊˌsəʊm]美[melənoʊsoʊm]

n. 黑素体，黑色体

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1."But the pigments they once contained do, courtesy of their copper heart - even after the melanosome containing them has been destroyed," he told BBC Nature.

“但是这些曾经含有的色素会留下铜原子中心——即使包含它们的黑素体被破坏了。”他对BBC自然频道说。

2."But the pigments they once contained do, courtesy of their copper heart - even after the melanosome containing them has been destroyed," he told BBC Nature.

“但是这些曾经含有的色素会留下铜原子中心——即使包含它们的黑素体被破坏了。”他对BBC自然频道说。

3.The presence of large melanosomes 黑色素体 can indicate a higher level of UV protection.

较大黑色素体的存在可能表明更高水平的紫外线保护。

4.The study revealed that the size of the melanosome 黑色素体 affects the pigmentation of the skin.

研究表明，黑色素体的大小影响皮肤的色素沉着。

5.In mammals, melanosomes 黑色素体 are responsible for the production of melanin.

在哺乳动物中，黑色素体负责黑色素的生成。

6.Some skin disorders are linked to abnormalities in melanosomes 黑色素体 structure.

一些皮肤疾病与黑色素体结构的异常有关。

7.Researchers found that different species have varying numbers of melanosomes 黑色素体 in their cells.

研究人员发现，不同物种的细胞中具有不同数量的黑色素体。

作文

In the realm of biology, understanding the intricate mechanisms of pigmentation is crucial for various fields, including genetics, dermatology, and evolutionary biology. One of the key players in the pigmentation process is the organelle known as melanosome, which plays a significant role in the production and storage of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanosome is a specialized type of organelle found within melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. These organelles are essential for the synthesis, transport, and distribution of melanin granules. The presence and activity of melanosomes can greatly influence an individual's pigmentation and, consequently, their susceptibility to skin conditions such as melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer.The process of melanin production begins within the melanosomes, where the enzyme tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into dopaquinone, a precursor to melanin. As this process continues, dopaquinone undergoes a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the formation of different types of melanin, including eumelanin (which is dark brown to black) and pheomelanin (which is yellow to red). The type and amount of melanin produced by melanosomes determine the color of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes.Moreover, the number and size of melanosomes can vary significantly among individuals and populations, contributing to the wide range of human pigmentation. For example, people with darker skin typically have more numerous and larger melanosomes that produce higher quantities of eumelanin, providing greater protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. In contrast, individuals with lighter skin have fewer and smaller melanosomes, resulting in lower melanin production and increased susceptibility to UV damage.The study of melanosomes extends beyond just understanding pigmentation; it also has important implications for health and disease. Research has shown that abnormalities in melanosome function can lead to various skin disorders, including albinism, which is characterized by a lack of melanin due to defective melanosome formation. Additionally, the study of melanosomes has implications in the field of cosmetic science, where understanding how these organelles work can help in the development of skin care products aimed at protecting against UV damage or enhancing skin pigmentation.Furthermore, the evolutionary significance of melanosomes cannot be overlooked. The variation in melanin production among different populations is thought to be a result of natural selection, as individuals with skin tones better adapted to their environments had a survival advantage. For instance, populations living in areas with high UV exposure tend to have evolved darker skin, which provides protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation, while those in regions with lower UV levels may have lighter skin, allowing for better vitamin D synthesis.In conclusion, melanosomes are not merely cellular structures but are pivotal players in the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and health. Understanding their function and impact on pigmentation can provide valuable insights into various biological and medical fields. As research continues to unravel the mysteries of melanosomes, we are likely to gain a deeper appreciation for the role they play in our lives, from influencing our appearance to affecting our overall health and well-being.

在生物学领域，理解色素形成的复杂机制对于遗传学、皮肤病学和进化生物学等多个领域至关重要。色素形成过程中的关键角色之一是被称为黑素体的细胞器，它在黑色素的生产和储存中起着重要作用，黑色素是负责我们皮肤、头发和眼睛颜色的色素。黑素体是一种特殊类型的细胞器，存在于产生黑色素的黑素细胞中。这些细胞器对于黑色素颗粒的合成、运输和分布至关重要。黑素体的存在和活动可以极大地影响个体的色素沉着，从而影响他们对皮肤疾病（如黑色素瘤，一种严重的皮肤癌）的易感性。黑色素的生产过程始于黑素体内部，其中酶酪氨酸酶催化氨基酸酪氨酸转化为多巴醌，这是黑色素的前体。随着这一过程的继续，多巴醌经历一系列化学反应，最终形成不同类型的黑色素，包括黑色素（深棕色至黑色）和黄黑色素（黄色至红色）。由黑素体产生的黑色素类型和数量决定了个体的皮肤、头发和眼睛的颜色。此外，黑素体的数量和大小在个体和人群之间可能有显著差异，从而导致人类色素沉着的广泛变化。例如，肤色较深的人通常具有更多且更大的黑素体，能够产生更高数量的黑色素，从而提供更好的保护以抵御来自阳光的紫外线（UV）辐射。相比之下，肤色较浅的个体则拥有较少且较小的黑素体，导致黑色素生产减少，从而增加了对紫外线损伤的易感性。对黑素体的研究不仅限于理解色素沉着；它还有重要的健康和疾病影响。研究表明，黑素体功能异常可能导致各种皮肤疾病，包括白化病，其特征是由于黑素体形成缺陷而缺乏黑色素。此外，对黑素体的研究在化妆品科学领域也具有重要意义，了解这些细胞器的工作原理可以帮助开发旨在保护皮肤免受紫外线损伤或增强皮肤色素沉着的护肤产品。此外，黑素体的进化意义也不容忽视。不同人群间黑色素生产的差异被认为是自然选择的结果，因为那些适应环境的肤色个体具有生存优势。例如，生活在紫外线辐射强烈地区的人群往往进化出较深的肤色，这提供了对紫外线辐射有害影响的保护，而生活在紫外线水平较低地区的人群则可能进化出较浅的肤色，从而更好地合成维生素D。总之，黑素体不仅仅是细胞结构，而是在遗传学、环境和健康的复杂相互作用中扮演着关键角色。理解它们的功能及其对色素沉着的影响可以为各个生物学和医学领域提供宝贵的见解。随着研究不断揭示黑素体的奥秘，我们可能会更深入地理解它们在我们生活中的作用，从影响我们的外貌到影响我们的整体健康和幸福感。