mutations

简明释义

英[mjuːˈteɪʃənz]美[mjuˈteɪʃənz]

n. [遗]突变；变化；转变（mutation 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.However, these minor "mutations" cannot change what the virus does, only what it looks like.

尽管如此，这些小型的“突变”并不能改变病毒的行为，而仅仅是它的外表。

2.That's because they aren't under selection, so they tend to accumulate mutations.

那是由于他们没有进行选择，因此他们易于积累突变。

3.This apparent anomaly is partially explained by the fact that most founder mutations are recessive: only a person with copies of the affected gene from both parents becomes ill.

大多数明显的创始人突变都是隐性的，可以解释这种明显的异常现象：只有双亲都拥有受影响基因副本的人才会生病。

4.However, these minor "mutations" cannot change what the virus does, only what it looks like.

尽管如此，这些小型的“突变”并不能改变病毒的行为，而仅仅是它的外表。

5.Viruses can also cause genetic mutations when they integrate themselves into human DNA.

病毒整合进人类DNA时也会导致基因突变。

6.There they were: signal noise, mutations, executive function, self-organization.

看看这些术语：信号噪声、突变、执行功能、自我组织。

7.Many mutations do not alter any important features of the virus or the illness it causes.

许多变异对病毒本身或病毒所造成的疾病的任何重要特征不会带来影响。

8.But the prevailing view has long been that cancer is the result of genetic mutations.

但是盛行的观点一直认为癌症是基因突变的结果。

9.Genetic mutations can occur naturally or be induced by environmental factors.

基因变异可以自然发生，也可以由环境因素诱导。

10.Certain mutations can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

某些变异可能导致细菌对抗生素产生耐药性。

11.The study of mutations in DNA is crucial for understanding evolution.

研究DNA中的变异对于理解进化至关重要。

12.Researchers have identified several mutations that are linked to cancer.

研究人员已经确定了几种与癌症相关的变异。

13.Scientists are studying the mutations in the virus to understand how it spreads.

科学家们正在研究病毒中的变异以了解它是如何传播的。

作文

In the world of biology, the term mutations refers to changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes can occur naturally or as a result of environmental factors. Understanding mutations is crucial for comprehending how species evolve over time and adapt to their surroundings. For instance, when a mutation occurs in a gene that affects an organism's ability to survive in its environment, it may lead to significant changes in that species. Some mutations can be beneficial, providing advantages such as increased resistance to diseases or improved reproduction rates. Others, however, can be detrimental, leading to genetic disorders or even extinction. The study of mutations has been pivotal in the field of genetics. Scientists have identified various types of mutations, including point mutations, insertions, deletions, and duplications. Point mutations, for example, involve a change in a single nucleotide, which can alter the function of a protein. Insertions and deletions can lead to frameshift mutations, which disrupt the reading frame of a gene, often resulting in completely nonfunctional proteins. One of the most famous examples of mutations is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, those with mutations that confer resistance are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these resistant strains can become dominant, making it increasingly difficult to treat infections. This phenomenon highlights the importance of understanding mutations in medical research and public health. Furthermore, mutations play a significant role in cancer development. Cancer cells often exhibit numerous mutations that allow them to grow uncontrollably. By studying these genetic changes, researchers can develop targeted therapies that specifically attack cancer cells while sparing normal cells. This area of research underscores the dual nature of mutations—while they can lead to disease, they also provide insights into potential treatments. In addition to their implications in medicine, mutations are essential for understanding evolutionary processes. The theory of evolution posits that random mutations introduce genetic diversity within a population. Natural selection then acts on this diversity, favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction. This process can lead to the emergence of new species over long periods. For example, the famous Galápagos finches exhibit a variety of beak shapes, which are a result of mutations that allowed them to exploit different food sources. In conclusion, mutations are fundamental to the fields of biology, genetics, and medicine. They are the driving force behind evolution, the cause of many diseases, and a key factor in the development of new treatments. As our understanding of mutations continues to grow, so too does our ability to harness this knowledge for the betterment of society. The study of mutations not only enhances our comprehension of life on Earth but also equips us with the tools to address some of the most pressing challenges in health and medicine today.

在生物学的世界里，术语突变指的是生物体DNA序列的变化。这些变化可以自然发生，也可以是环境因素造成的。理解突变对于理解物种如何随着时间的推移而进化并适应其环境至关重要。例如，当一个基因中发生突变时，该基因影响了生物体在其环境中的生存能力，这可能导致该物种发生显著变化。一些突变可能是有益的，提供如对疾病的抵抗力增强或繁殖率提高等优势。然而，其他一些突变可能是有害的，导致遗传疾病甚至灭绝。对突变的研究在遗传学领域具有重要意义。科学家们已经确定了各种类型的突变，包括点突变、插入、缺失和重复。例如，点突变涉及单个核苷酸的变化，这可能会改变蛋白质的功能。插入和缺失可能导致框移突变，这会破坏基因的阅读框，通常导致完全失去功能的蛋白质。一个著名的突变例子是细菌对抗生素的耐药性发展。当细菌暴露于抗生素时，那些具有赋予耐药性的突变的细菌更有可能生存和繁殖。随着时间的推移，这些耐药菌株可能会占据主导地位，使得治疗感染越来越困难。这一现象突显了理解突变在医学研究和公共卫生中的重要性。此外，突变在癌症发展中也起着重要作用。癌细胞通常表现出许多突变，使它们能够不受控制地生长。通过研究这些遗传变化，研究人员可以开发针对癌细胞的靶向疗法，同时保护正常细胞。这一研究领域强调了突变的双重性质——尽管它们可能导致疾病，但它们也为潜在治疗方法提供了洞察。除了在医学中的意义外，突变对于理解进化过程也至关重要。进化理论认为，随机的突变在一个种群中引入了遗传多样性。自然选择随后对这种多样性施加作用，偏爱那些增强生存和繁殖的特征。这个过程可以导致新物种的出现，例如著名的加拉帕戈斯雀类展现出多种喙形状，这些都是由于突变使它们能够利用不同的食物来源。总之，突变是生物学、遗传学和医学领域的基础。它们是进化的驱动力，是许多疾病的原因，也是新治疗方法发展的关键因素。随着我们对突变理解的不断深入，我们也能够利用这一知识来改善社会。对突变的研究不仅增强了我们对地球生命的理解，还为我们提供了应对当今健康和医学中一些最紧迫挑战的工具。