nominalism

简明释义

英[ˈnɒmɪnəlɪzəm]美[ˈnɑːmənəlɪzm]

n. 唯名论；名义主义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The dissertation holds that possible worlds doctrines of extreme realism and extreme nominalism are both mistaken, and that the really feasible one should be moderate realism.

文章认为，极端实在论和极端唯名论的可能世界学说都是错误的，真正具有可行性的可能世界学说应是温和的实在论。

2."In the third part, the authors focus on finishing a" Dialogue "covers jurisprudence implication, and from the" nominalism ", "State ratio" to explain aspects of "Dialogue.

在第三部分，本文着力整理《对话》涵盖的法理学意蕴，并将从“唯名论”、“国家理由”的方面来阐释《对话》。

3.The dissertation holds that possible worlds doctrines of extreme realism and extreme nominalism are both mistaken, and that the really feasible one should be moderate realism.

文章认为，极端实在论和极端唯名论的可能世界学说都是错误的，真正具有可行性的可能世界学说应是温和的实在论。

4.This essay explores its significance in conciliating the controversy between nominalism and empiricism, liberating our thoughts and marking the limits of man's cognition.

本文探讨了它在调和唯理论与经验论之间的争论、解放人类思想、划定人的认识界线的意义。

5.In economics, some theories align with nominalism, arguing that nominal values are more relevant than real values.

在经济学中，一些理论与名义论一致，认为名义价值比实际价值更相关。

6.The debate between realism and nominalism has been a central issue in philosophy for centuries.

现实主义与名义论之间的辩论在哲学中已经是一个中心问题了几个世纪。

7.Many modern philosophers criticize nominalism for neglecting the existence of abstract objects.

许多现代哲学家批评名义论忽视了抽象对象的存在。

8.The principles of nominalism can be seen in various fields, including linguistics and mathematics.

在语言学和数学等多个领域中，可以看到名义论的原则。

9.In the context of medieval philosophy, nominalism emphasizes the role of language in shaping our understanding of reality.

在中世纪哲学的背景下，名义论强调语言在塑造我们对现实理解中的作用。

作文

In the realm of philosophy, few concepts have sparked as much debate and discussion as nominalism. This philosophical doctrine, which emerged during the Middle Ages, posits that universals or abstract concepts do not exist independently of the objects they represent. Instead, nominalism asserts that these universals are merely names or labels we use to categorize and communicate about the world around us. The implications of this theory are profound, challenging our understanding of reality and the nature of existence itself.To comprehend nominalism, it is essential to explore its historical context. During the medieval period, philosophers like William of Ockham and Peter Abelard debated the existence of universals. Ockham, a prominent advocate of nominalism, argued that only particular, individual entities exist, and that general terms are simply shorthand for referring to these specific things. For example, when we speak of "redness" as a universal quality, according to nominalism, we are not referring to a separate entity called "redness" but rather to the collection of individual red objects we encounter.This perspective contrasts sharply with realism, another philosophical stance that maintains the existence of universals as independent entities. Realists argue that universals, such as beauty or justice, have a real and unchanging existence, regardless of whether we perceive them through language or experience. In this light, nominalism can be seen as a radical departure from traditional metaphysics, as it reduces the complexity of reality to mere linguistic constructs.One of the most significant implications of nominalism lies in its influence on epistemology, or the study of knowledge. If universals do not exist outside of our minds, then our understanding of the world becomes inherently subjective. Knowledge, then, is not an objective reflection of reality but rather a construct shaped by language and social conventions. This raises critical questions about the nature of truth and how we come to know anything at all.Furthermore, nominalism has had lasting effects on various fields, including science, mathematics, and linguistics. In science, for instance, the emphasis on particular observations over abstract theories aligns with a nominalist approach. Scientists often rely on empirical data to draw conclusions, avoiding reliance on overarching theories that may not accurately represent the complexities of the natural world. Similarly, in mathematics, nominalism challenges the existence of mathematical objects as independent entities, suggesting instead that they are useful fictions created for problem-solving.Despite its influence, nominalism has faced criticism from various quarters. Detractors argue that it undermines the possibility of objective truth and leads to relativism, where all interpretations are equally valid. This critique raises important discussions about the role of language in shaping our perceptions and the potential consequences of adopting a strictly nominalist viewpoint.In conclusion, nominalism presents a thought-provoking lens through which to examine the nature of reality, knowledge, and existence. By challenging the idea of universals as independent entities, it invites us to reconsider our understanding of language and its role in shaping our perceptions of the world. While it has its critics, the impact of nominalism on philosophy and other disciplines is undeniable, making it a crucial concept for anyone seeking to engage deeply with the complexities of human thought and experience. As we navigate an increasingly complex world, the insights offered by nominalism remain relevant, urging us to question the very foundations of our beliefs and understandings.

在哲学领域，少有概念能引发如此多的争论和讨论，如名义主义。这一哲学理论起源于中世纪，主张普遍性或抽象概念并不独立于它们所代表的对象存在。相反，名义主义认为，这些普遍性仅仅是我们用来对周围世界进行分类和交流的名称或标签。这一理论的意义深远，挑战了我们对现实和存在本质的理解。要理解名义主义，首先必须探讨其历史背景。在中世纪，威廉·奥卡姆和彼得·阿贝拉尔等哲学家就普遍性的存在进行了辩论。奥卡姆是名义主义的杰出倡导者，他认为只有特定的个体实体存在，而一般术语只是我们用来指代这些特定事物的简写。例如，当我们谈论“红色”作为一种普遍特征时，根据名义主义的观点，我们并不是在指一个名为“红色”的独立实体，而是指我们所遇到的一系列红色物体。这一观点与现实主义形成了鲜明的对比，后者坚持认为普遍性作为独立实体存在。现实主义者认为，诸如美或正义等普遍性具有真实且不变的存在，无论我们通过语言或经验如何感知它们。从这个角度来看，名义主义可以被视为对传统形而上学的激进偏离，因为它将现实的复杂性简化为仅仅是语言构造。名义主义最重要的影响之一体现在其对认识论（即知识研究）的影响。如果普遍性不存在于我们的思维之外，那么我们对世界的理解就会固有地主观。因此，知识并不是对现实的客观反映，而是由语言和社会习俗塑造的构造。这引发了关于真理本质以及我们如何获得任何知识的重要问题。此外，名义主义对科学、数学和语言学等多个领域产生了持久影响。例如，在科学中，强调特定观察而非抽象理论与名义主义的方法相一致。科学家们通常依赖经验数据来得出结论，避免依赖可能无法准确代表自然世界复杂性的总体理论。同样，在数学中，名义主义挑战数学对象作为独立实体的存在，建议它们只是为解决问题而创造的有用虚构。尽管有影响，名义主义也遭到了来自各方的批评。反对者认为，它削弱了客观真理的可能性，并导致相对主义，即所有解释都是同样有效的。这一批评引发了关于语言在塑造我们感知中的作用及采取严格名义主义观点的潜在后果的重要讨论。总之，名义主义为我们提供了一个发人深省的视角，以审视现实、知识和存在的本质。通过挑战普遍性作为独立实体的观点，它邀请我们重新考虑语言及其在塑造我们对世界的感知中的作用。虽然它有其批评者，但名义主义对哲学和其他学科的影响不可否认，使其成为任何寻求深入参与人类思想和经验复杂性的人必不可少的概念。当我们在日益复杂的世界中航行时，名义主义所提供的见解仍然相关，敦促我们质疑我们信念和理解的基础。