general average

简明释义

共同海损

英英释义

例句

1.During negotiations, the parties discussed how to handle the general average 共同海损 claims.

在谈判中，各方讨论了如何处理general average 共同海损索赔。

2.After the incident, the shipowner declared a general average 共同海损, requiring all cargo owners to contribute to the losses.

事件发生后，船东宣布了general average 共同海损，要求所有货物所有者共同承担损失。

3.To determine the amount owed in a general average 共同海损, a detailed calculation of the losses must be made.

为了确定在general average 共同海损中应支付的金额，必须进行详细的损失计算。

4.In maritime law, when a ship encounters rough weather and cargo is jettisoned to save the vessel, this is a case of general average 共同海损.

在海事法中，当一艘船遭遇恶劣天气并抛弃货物以拯救船只时，这就是一个general average 共同海损的例子。

5.The insurance policy covers losses incurred during a general average 共同海损 situation.

保险政策涵盖在general average 共同海损情况下产生的损失。

作文

In the world of maritime law, the term general average refers to a principle that holds significant importance during the transport of goods by sea. It is an ancient concept that has evolved over centuries, originating from the need to share losses incurred during a voyage due to unforeseen circumstances. When a ship faces an emergency, such as a storm or fire, the captain may decide to sacrifice certain cargo to save the ship and the remaining goods. In such cases, all parties involved in the shipping process must contribute to the loss based on their respective shares of the total value of the cargo. This principle ensures fairness and encourages cooperation among shippers, owners, and insurers.The application of general average can be quite complex. For instance, if a ship encounters a severe storm and the captain orders the jettisoning of some cargo to stabilize the vessel, the owners of the discarded goods are entitled to compensation. However, the cost of this loss is then distributed among all stakeholders according to the value of their cargo on board. This means that even those whose goods were not sacrificed will bear a portion of the loss. The rationale behind this system is that everyone benefits from the safety of the ship and the remaining cargo, so it is only fair that they share the costs associated with saving them.To illustrate the concept further, consider a hypothetical scenario where a cargo ship carrying various goods encounters a life-threatening situation at sea. If the captain decides to throw overboard some heavy machinery to prevent capsizing, the owners of the machinery will suffer a loss. However, they will not bear this loss alone; instead, the total value of the remaining cargo will be calculated, and the loss will be shared proportionately among all cargo owners based on their respective values. This equitable distribution of loss is what makes general average a crucial aspect of maritime law.Furthermore, the determination of what constitutes a general average event is subject to specific criteria. Not every loss during a voyage qualifies for this treatment. The loss must be intentional and aimed at preserving the overall integrity of the voyage. Accidental losses or damages that occur without any deliberate action do not fall under this principle. Thus, it is essential for all parties involved in shipping to understand the conditions that apply to general average claims.In conclusion, the principle of general average plays a vital role in the shipping industry, promoting fairness and collaboration among various parties involved in maritime transport. By distributing losses equitably, it helps maintain trust and encourages responsible decision-making during emergencies at sea. Understanding this principle is crucial for anyone engaged in shipping, insurance, or maritime law, as it emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility in protecting valuable goods during transit. As global trade continues to expand, the relevance of general average will likely persist, ensuring that the risks associated with maritime transport are managed fairly and effectively.

在海事法的世界中，术语一般平均指的是在海洋运输货物时具有重要意义的原则。这是一个古老的概念，经过几个世纪的发展，源于在航行过程中因不可预见的情况而需要共同承担损失的需求。当一艘船面临紧急情况，例如暴风雨或火灾，船长可能决定牺牲某些货物以拯救船只和剩余的货物。在这种情况下，所有参与运输过程的各方必须根据他们各自的货物总价值来分担损失。该原则确保了公平，并鼓励发货人、所有者和保险公司之间的合作。一般平均的应用可能相当复杂。例如，如果一艘船遇到严重的风暴，船长下令抛弃一些货物以稳定船只，被抛弃货物的所有者有权获得赔偿。然而，这一损失的费用将根据所有利益相关者的货物价值进行分配。这意味着即使那些没有被牺牲的货物的所有者也会承担一部分损失。这一制度的合理性在于，所有人都从船只和剩余货物的安全中受益，因此共同分担与拯救它们相关的费用是公平的。为了进一步说明这一概念，考虑一个假设场景：一艘货船在海上遭遇生死攸关的情况。如果船长决定抛弃一些重型机械以防止翻船，机械的所有者将遭受损失。然而，他们不会单独承担这一损失；相反，剩余货物的总价值将被计算出来，损失将根据所有货物所有者的相应价值按比例分担。这种损失的公平分配就是使一般平均成为海事法关键方面的原因。此外，什么构成一般平均事件的确定受到特定标准的约束。在航行过程中并非每一次损失都符合这一处理。损失必须是故意的，旨在保护整个航行的完整性。意外损失或在没有任何故意行为的情况下发生的损害不属于这一原则。因此，所有参与运输的各方理解适用于一般平均索赔的条件至关重要。总之，一般平均原则在航运行业中发挥着重要作用，促进了各方之间的公平和合作。通过公平地分配损失，它有助于维护信任，并鼓励在海上紧急情况下进行负责任的决策。理解这一原则对于任何参与航运、保险或海事法的人来说至关重要，因为它强调了在运输过程中保护贵重货物的集体责任的重要性。随着全球贸易的不断扩大，一般平均的相关性可能会持续存在，确保与海洋运输相关的风险得到公平有效的管理。