fracture ductility

简明释义

断裂韧性

英英释义

例句

1.Materials with high fracture ductility can absorb more energy before failing, making them ideal for construction.

具有高断裂延展性的材料可以在破坏前吸收更多能量，使其成为建筑的理想选择。

2.The research focused on improving the fracture ductility of steel alloys for better performance.

研究集中在改善钢合金的断裂延展性以提高性能。

3.The engineer emphasized the importance of fracture ductility in ensuring the safety of the bridge design.

工程师强调了在确保桥梁设计安全中，断裂延展性的重要性。

4.A low fracture ductility value indicates that a material is brittle and may break easily under stress.

低断裂延展性值表明材料是脆性的，可能在压力下容易断裂。

5.Testing for fracture ductility is critical in the aerospace industry to prevent catastrophic failures.

在航空航天工业中，测试断裂延展性对于防止灾难性故障至关重要。

作文

In the field of material science and engineering, understanding the mechanical properties of materials is crucial for various applications. One such property that plays a significant role in determining the performance of materials is fracture ductility. This term refers to the ability of a material to undergo plastic deformation before fracturing. In simpler terms, it indicates how much a material can stretch or deform when subjected to stress before it breaks. The importance of fracture ductility cannot be overstated, especially in industries where safety and reliability are paramount, such as construction, automotive, and aerospace.Materials with high fracture ductility can absorb more energy during deformation, making them less likely to fail suddenly under stress. For example, metals like steel often exhibit good fracture ductility, allowing them to bend or stretch without breaking. This property is essential for structural components that must endure dynamic loads. On the other hand, brittle materials, such as glass or certain ceramics, have low fracture ductility and tend to fracture with little to no plastic deformation, leading to catastrophic failures in critical applications.The relationship between fracture ductility and temperature is also a key consideration. Many materials become more ductile at elevated temperatures, which is why processes like hot forging or rolling are employed to shape metals. Conversely, at lower temperatures, some materials may lose their ductility and become more prone to brittle fracture. Engineers must account for these variations when selecting materials for specific environments and applications.Another aspect to consider is the impact of microstructure on fracture ductility. The arrangement of atoms and the presence of defects or inclusions within a material can significantly influence its ductility. For instance, the grain size of a metal can affect its ability to deform. Finer grains often result in improved fracture ductility due to the increased number of grain boundaries that can impede dislocation movement, which is essential for plastic deformation.Moreover, testing methods such as tensile tests and Charpy impact tests are employed to quantify fracture ductility. These tests provide valuable data that help engineers predict how materials will behave under various loading conditions. Understanding the results from these tests allows for better design choices and enhances the safety and performance of engineering structures.In conclusion, fracture ductility is a fundamental property that influences the behavior of materials under stress. Its significance spans across multiple industries where material failure could lead to severe consequences. By comprehensively studying fracture ductility, engineers can make informed decisions regarding material selection and processing, ultimately leading to safer and more reliable products. As technology advances and new materials are developed, the understanding of fracture ductility will continue to evolve, further enhancing our ability to design efficient and durable systems.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的机械性能对各种应用至关重要。其中一个在决定材料性能方面起着重要作用的特性是断裂韧性。这个术语指的是材料在断裂前经历塑性变形的能力。简单来说，它表示材料在受到应力时可以拉伸或变形多少，然后才会断裂。断裂韧性的重要性不容小觑，特别是在建筑、汽车和航空航天等安全和可靠性至关重要的行业。具有高断裂韧性的材料在变形过程中能够吸收更多的能量，从而使它们在应力下不易突然失效。例如，像钢这样的金属通常表现出良好的断裂韧性，允许它们在不破裂的情况下弯曲或拉伸。这个特性对于必须承受动态负载的结构组件至关重要。另一方面，脆性材料，如玻璃或某些陶瓷，具有低断裂韧性，往往在几乎没有塑性变形的情况下就会断裂，导致关键应用中的灾难性故障。断裂韧性与温度之间的关系也是一个关键考虑因素。许多材料在高温下变得更具韧性，这就是为什么采用热锻或轧制等工艺来成型金属。相反，在低温下，一些材料可能会失去其韧性，变得更容易发生脆性断裂。工程师在为特定环境和应用选择材料时，必须考虑这些变化。另一个需要考虑的方面是微观结构对断裂韧性的影响。材料内部原子排列及缺陷或夹杂物的存在可以显著影响其韧性。例如，金属的晶粒大小可以影响其变形能力。较细的晶粒通常会由于增加的晶界数量而导致改善的断裂韧性，这些晶界能够阻碍位错运动，而位错运动对塑性变形至关重要。此外，拉伸试验和夏比冲击试验等测试方法被用来量化断裂韧性。这些测试提供了有价值的数据，帮助工程师预测材料在各种加载条件下的表现。理解这些测试结果使得工程师能够做出更好的设计选择，提高工程结构的安全性和性能。总之，断裂韧性是影响材料在应力下行为的基本属性。它的重要性横跨多个行业，因为材料故障可能导致严重后果。通过全面研究断裂韧性，工程师可以在材料选择和加工中做出明智的决定，从而最终导致更安全、更可靠的产品。随着技术的进步和新材料的发展，对断裂韧性的理解将继续演变，进一步增强我们设计高效和耐用系统的能力。