presumption

简明释义

英[prɪˈzʌmpʃ(ə)n]美[prɪˈzʌmpʃn]

n. 推测，设想；（法律上的）假定，推定；放肆，冒昧

复 数 p r e s u m p t i o n s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.That lack of presumption, the neocons now say, was a grave mistake.

现在，新保守主义者认为这种底气不足是一个严重的错误。

2.This would essentially reverse the ordinary presumption to caveat venditor.

这将从本质上逆转“卖方负责”的一般假设。

3.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority.

我们已经了解了很多关于以低等民族或种族为前提而把人排除在外的愚蠢想法。

4.There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best.

一般人都以为医生最了解情况。

5.Presumption: when we think we already know it all.

傲慢：当我们认为我们什么都知道的时候。

6.Smokers are an affront to this fantasy, and that is why no condemnation is strong enough for their presumption.

吸烟者是对这个幻想的侮辱，按他们的设想，这就是为什么强烈谴责吸烟者还是不够的。

7.The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle of justice.

无罪推定是司法的基本原则。

8.There is a common presumption that everyone has access to the internet.

普遍存在一种假设，即每个人都能上网。

9.The lawyer argued that the defendant's guilt was a mere presumption.

律师辩称被告的罪行只是一个简单的推定。

10.His presumption that she would agree to the plan was misguided.

他认为她会同意这个计划的假设是错误的。

11.Her presumption of his abilities surprised everyone in the meeting.

她对他能力的假设让会议上的每个人都感到惊讶。

作文

In our daily interactions and decision-making processes, the concept of presumption plays a crucial role. A presumption can be understood as an assumption that something is true based on the available evidence or common beliefs. It is often used in legal contexts, but it also permeates our everyday lives, influencing how we perceive situations and make choices.For instance, when we meet someone for the first time, we may have certain presumptions about their character based on their appearance, mannerisms, or even the way they speak. These initial judgments can lead us to treat people differently, which can either positively or negatively affect our relationships. This highlights the dual nature of presumption: while it can serve as a useful heuristic to navigate complex social environments, it can also lead to misunderstandings and stereotypes if not checked by further inquiry.Moreover, in the realm of science and research, presumption is often a starting point for hypotheses. Scientists may begin with a presumption based on previous studies or observed phenomena, which guides their experiments and investigations. However, this reliance on presumption underscores the importance of rigorous testing and validation. If scientists were to solely depend on their presumptions, they might overlook critical variables or alternative explanations, leading to flawed conclusions.In the legal field, the concept of presumption is particularly significant. For example, the presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in criminal law, asserting that a defendant is considered innocent until proven guilty. This presumption protects individuals from unjust punishment and ensures that the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. However, this presumption can sometimes be challenged by public opinion, where individuals may be presumed guilty based on media portrayals or societal biases. Thus, while the legal presumption serves to uphold justice, it also reveals the tension between societal beliefs and legal standards.Furthermore, presumption can greatly influence personal relationships. In romantic partnerships, for instance, one partner might operate under the presumption that the other knows their needs and desires without having to communicate them explicitly. This can lead to frustration and conflict if the presumption turns out to be incorrect. Effective communication is essential to challenge such presumptions and foster understanding.In conclusion, while presumption is a natural part of human cognition, it is vital to approach it with caution. Whether in social interactions, scientific research, or legal matters, presumption can shape our perceptions and decisions significantly. By acknowledging our presumptions and actively seeking to validate or challenge them, we can enhance our understanding of the world and improve our relationships with others. Ultimately, the ability to recognize and critically evaluate our presumptions is a valuable skill that can lead to more informed and empathetic interactions in all areas of life.

在我们日常的互动和决策过程中，presumption（假设）的概念起着至关重要的作用。presumption可以理解为基于可用证据或普遍信念的某种真实性的假设。它通常用于法律背景，但也渗透到我们的日常生活中，影响我们如何看待情况和做出选择。例如，当我们第一次见到某人时，我们可能会根据他们的外貌、举止甚至说话方式对他们的性格有某种presumptions。这些初步判断可能导致我们以不同的方式对待人，这可能会对我们的关系产生积极或消极的影响。这突显了presumption的双重性质：虽然它可以作为一种有用的启发式工具来导航复杂的社会环境，但如果未经过进一步的探究，它也可能导致误解和刻板印象。此外，在科学和研究领域，presumption通常是假设的起点。科学家可能基于先前的研究或观察到的现象开始进行presumption，这指导他们的实验和调查。然而，这种对presumption的依赖强调了严格测试和验证的重要性。如果科学家仅依赖于他们的presumptions，他们可能会忽视关键变量或替代解释，从而导致错误的结论。在法律领域，presumption的概念尤其重要。例如，无罪推定是刑法中的一个基本原则，主张被告在被证明有罪之前被视为无罪。这一presumption保护个人免受不公正的惩罚，并确保举证责任在控方。然而，这一presumption有时可能受到公众舆论的挑战，个人可能基于媒体的描述或社会偏见而被假定为有罪。因此，尽管法律presumption旨在维护正义，但它也揭示了社会信仰与法律标准之间的紧张关系。此外，presumption在个人关系中也可以产生重大影响。例如，在浪漫伴侣关系中，一方可能在presumption下认为另一方知道他们的需求和愿望，而无需明确沟通。如果这一presumption被证明是错误的，可能会导致挫折和冲突。有效的沟通对于挑战这种presumptions并促进理解至关重要。总之，虽然presumption是人类认知的自然部分，但以谨慎的态度来看待它至关重要。无论是在社会互动、科学研究还是法律事务中，presumption都能显著塑造我们的感知和决策。通过承认我们的presumptions并积极寻求验证或挑战它们，我们可以增强对世界的理解并改善与他人的关系。最终，识别和批判性评估我们的presumptions的能力是一项宝贵的技能，可以在生活的各个领域带来更明智和富有同情心的互动。