excess electron

简明释义

多余电子

英英释义

例句

1.An excess electron in a metal can cause it to become a better conductor.

金属中的多余电子可以使其成为更好的导体。

2.When an atom gains an excess electron, it becomes negatively charged.

当一个原子获得一个多余电子时，它会变得带负电。

3.In chemical reactions, an excess electron can lead to the formation of negative ions.

在化学反应中，多余电子可能导致负离子的形成。

4.In a semiconductor, an excess electron can enhance conductivity.

在半导体中，多余电子可以增强导电性。

5.The presence of an excess electron in the ionosphere affects radio wave propagation.

在电离层中，多余电子的存在会影响无线电波传播。

作文

The concept of an excess electron refers to an additional electron that exists in a system, which can significantly alter its electrical properties. In simple terms, when an atom or a molecule has more electrons than protons, it becomes negatively charged due to the presence of these extra electrons. This phenomenon is crucial in various fields of science, including chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, in semiconductors, the presence of excess electrons can enhance conductivity, making these materials essential for electronic devices. When we consider the role of excess electrons in chemical reactions, we find that they can participate in bond formation and influence the reactivity of substances. For example, in ionic compounds, the transfer of electrons between atoms leads to the creation of charged ions. An atom that gains an excess electron becomes an anion, while one that loses an electron becomes a cation. This transfer is fundamental to the understanding of how different substances interact with one another. Moreover, the behavior of excess electrons is also significant in the context of electrochemistry. In electrochemical cells, the movement of excess electrons through an external circuit generates electric current. The flow of these electrons is driven by potential differences, allowing for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. This principle underlies many technologies, from batteries to fuel cells, showcasing the importance of managing excess electrons effectively. In materials science, the presence of excess electrons can lead to unique properties in certain materials, such as superconductivity. Superconductors are materials that can conduct electricity without resistance at low temperatures, and this phenomenon is often attributed to the behavior of excess electrons within the material. Understanding how these electrons interact with the lattice structure of the material helps scientists develop new technologies that can revolutionize energy transmission and storage. Furthermore, the study of excess electrons extends into the realm of nanotechnology. Nanoscale materials often exhibit different electrical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, largely due to the increased surface area and the presence of excess electrons. Researchers are exploring how these properties can be harnessed for applications in sensors, transistors, and other electronic components. In summary, the term excess electron encompasses a vital aspect of modern science and technology. From influencing chemical reactions to enhancing the conductivity of materials, the presence of these additional electrons plays a crucial role in various applications. As our understanding of excess electrons continues to evolve, we can expect to uncover new possibilities that can lead to innovations in electronics, energy storage, and beyond. Therefore, grasping the significance of excess electrons is essential for anyone interested in the sciences, as it opens up a deeper understanding of how matter interacts at the atomic level.

“多余电子”这一概念指的是在一个系统中存在的额外电子，这些电子可以显著改变其电气特性。简单来说，当一个原子或分子的电子数量超过质子时，由于这些额外电子的存在，它就会变得带负电。这一现象在化学、物理和材料科学等多个科学领域中至关重要。例如，在半导体中，多余电子的存在可以增强导电性，使这些材料在电子设备中变得不可或缺。当我们考虑多余电子在化学反应中的作用时，我们发现它们可以参与键的形成并影响物质的反应性。例如，在离子化合物中，电子在原子之间的转移导致带电离子的产生。获得多余电子的原子变成阴离子，而失去电子的原子则变成阳离子。这种转移是理解不同物质如何相互作用的基础。此外，多余电子的行为在电化学的背景下也非常重要。在电化学电池中，多余电子通过外部电路的移动生成电流。这些电子的流动是由电位差驱动的，使化学能转化为电能。这一原理是许多技术的基础，从电池到燃料电池，展示了有效管理多余电子的重要性。在材料科学中，多余电子的存在可以使某些材料具有独特的特性，例如超导性。超导体是在低温下能够无阻力地导电的材料，这一现象通常归因于材料内部多余电子的行为。了解这些电子如何与材料的晶格结构相互作用，有助于科学家开发出可以革新能源传输和存储的新技术。此外，对多余电子的研究还扩展到纳米技术领域。纳米级材料往往表现出与其块体对应物不同的电气特性，这主要是由于表面积的增加和多余电子的存在。研究人员正在探索如何利用这些特性用于传感器、晶体管和其他电子组件的应用。总之，“多余电子”这一术语涵盖了现代科学和技术的一个重要方面。从影响化学反应到增强材料的导电性，这些额外电子的存在在各种应用中发挥着关键作用。随着我们对多余电子的理解不断发展，我们可以预期会发现新的可能性，从而推动电子、能源存储等领域的创新。因此，掌握多余电子的重要性对于任何对科学感兴趣的人来说都是必要的，因为这打开了深入理解物质在原子水平上如何相互作用的机会。