elongation at failure

简明释义

毁坏延伸率

英英释义

例句

1.A higher elongation at failure is often desired in applications where flexibility is crucial.

在灵活性至关重要的应用中，通常希望有更高的断裂伸长率。

2.During the experiment, we measured the elongation at failure of various polymers to assess their performance.

在实验中，我们测量了各种聚合物的断裂伸长率以评估其性能。

3.The elongation at failure of steel can vary significantly depending on its composition and processing.

钢材的断裂伸长率可以根据其成分和加工方式而显著变化。

4.In engineering, a low elongation at failure can signify a brittle material that may fracture under stress.

在工程中，低断裂伸长率可能意味着材料脆性，可能在应力下断裂。

5.The tensile test revealed that the material had a high elongation at failure, indicating good ductility.

拉伸测试显示该材料具有高断裂伸长率，表明其良好的延展性。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the properties of materials is crucial for various applications. One important property that engineers and scientists often evaluate is the mechanical behavior of materials under stress. Among these properties, elongation at failure plays a significant role in determining how materials will perform when subjected to tensile forces. 断裂伸长率是指材料在断裂前的最大延伸程度，通常以百分比表示。 This property is particularly relevant for ductile materials, which can undergo significant deformation before breaking. When a material is pulled or stretched, it experiences tensile stress. As the stress increases, the material begins to deform elastically, meaning it will return to its original shape once the load is removed. However, as the stress continues to rise, the material reaches its yield point, where it begins to deform plastically. This plastic deformation is critical because it indicates that the material is undergoing permanent changes in its structure. Eventually, as the tensile load increases further, the material will reach its ultimate tensile strength, the maximum amount of stress it can withstand. Beyond this point, the material will begin to neck, a phenomenon where a localized reduction in cross-section occurs. It is during this necking phase that the concept of elongation at failure becomes particularly important. As the material continues to be stretched, it will ultimately fail or break, and the amount of elongation that occurred prior to this failure provides valuable information about the material's ductility and toughness. For example, in industries such as construction and manufacturing, materials with high elongation at failure values are often preferred because they can absorb more energy and deform significantly without fracturing. This property is essential in applications where safety is a concern, such as in the design of bridges, buildings, and automotive components. Materials that exhibit low elongation at failure, on the other hand, may be more brittle and prone to sudden failures, which can lead to catastrophic consequences. Testing for elongation at failure typically involves a tensile test, where a sample of the material is pulled until it breaks. The elongation is measured as the difference in length before and after the test, and the percentage elongation is calculated by dividing this change in length by the original length of the specimen. This simple yet effective method allows engineers to categorize materials based on their performance characteristics. In conclusion, elongation at failure is a fundamental property that provides insight into the ductility and reliability of materials under stress. Understanding this property is vital for engineers and designers as they select materials for various applications. With a proper grasp of elongation at failure, professionals can make informed decisions that enhance safety and performance in their projects.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的特性对于各种应用至关重要。其中，工程师和科学家们常常评估的一个重要特性是材料在应力下的机械行为。在这些特性中，elongation at failure（断裂伸长率）在确定材料在拉伸力作用下的表现方面发挥着重要作用。断裂伸长率是指材料在断裂前的最大延伸程度，通常以百分比表示。这个特性对于可延展材料尤其相关，因为它们在断裂前可以经历显著的变形。当材料被拉伸时，它会经历拉伸应力。随着应力的增加，材料开始弹性变形，这意味着一旦负载被移除，它将返回到其原始形状。然而，随着应力的进一步上升，材料达到屈服点，此时开始发生塑性变形。这种塑性变形至关重要，因为它表明材料的结构正在发生永久性变化。最终，随着拉伸负载的进一步增加，材料将达到其极限拉伸强度，即它能够承受的最大应力。超过这一点，材料将开始颈缩，这是一种局部截面减少的现象。正是在这个颈缩阶段，elongation at failure的概念变得特别重要。随着材料继续被拉伸，它最终会断裂或破裂，而在此之前发生的伸长量提供了关于材料延展性和韧性的宝贵信息。例如，在建筑和制造等行业，具有高elongation at failure值的材料通常更受欢迎，因为它们能够吸收更多的能量，并在断裂前显著变形。这个特性在安全性受到关注的应用中至关重要，例如桥梁、建筑物和汽车零部件的设计。另一方面，表现出低elongation at failure的材料可能更脆，易于突然断裂，这可能导致灾难性的后果。测试elongation at failure通常涉及拉伸试验，其中材料样本被拉伸直至断裂。通过测量测试前后的长度差异来确定伸长量，然后通过将这一长度变化除以试件的原始长度来计算百分比伸长。这种简单而有效的方法使工程师能够根据性能特征对材料进行分类。总之，elongation at failure是一个基本特性，可以深入了解材料在应力下的延展性和可靠性。理解这一特性对于工程师和设计师选择各种应用的材料至关重要。通过正确掌握elongation at failure，专业人士可以做出明智的决策，从而提高其项目的安全性和性能。