polyploidy

简明释义

英[ˌpɒl.ɪˈplɔɪ.di]美[ˌpɑː.lɪˈplɔɪ.di]

n. 多倍体；[遗] 多倍性

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Except a few species in which different polyploidy types were found, most species were very stable in chromosome number.

除个别种内存在不同倍性的细胞型外，绝大多数种的染色体数目非常稳定。

2.The results indicate all the three loquat cultivars polyploid occurred genomic variation after polyploidy.

表明三个枇杷品种的多倍体在多倍化后基因组均发生了变异。

3.The polyploidy cell masses and the haploidy cells appeared in the tissue cultures will not result in the hereditary variability and the changes of the character in the original diploid species.

组织培养中出现的多倍性细胞团和单倍性细胞，不会引起原二倍体物种的遗传性变异和性状变化。

4.Einkorn wheat is the donor species of polyploidy wheat. It is one of the important basic species of Triticum.

一粒系小麦是多倍体小麦染色体组的供体物种之一，是小麦的重要基础物种。

5.Polyploidy is an important force of plant evolution.

多倍化是促进植物进化的重要力量。

6.Breeders have bred a great deal of new flower varieties by taking routine cross breeding, radiation breeding, tissue culture breeding, polyploidy breeding, and spaceflight breeding etc.

人们通过常规杂交育种、辐射育种、组织培养育种、多倍体育种、航天育种等手段培育了大量的花卉新品种。

7.The research on tissues culture lays the groundwork for further mutation and polyploidy breeding in Astragalus membranaceus(Fish. ) Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge. ) Hsiao.

针对蒙古黄芪组织培养体系的研究，是诱变育种和多倍体蒙古黄芪育种的基础技术准备。

8.Feed crop breeding by polyploidy can enlarge the plant cellular size, so the plant has the thick and high stem, thick blade, and increases the content of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals.

多倍体在饲料作物育种上可使植物细胞增大而导致植株茎粗、高大、叶片宽厚；并且使植株的蛋白、糖分和维生素及矿物质含量有较大的提高。

9.Understanding polyploidy 多倍体 can help improve breeding programs for various crops.

理解多倍体可以帮助改善各种作物的育种计划。

10.Researchers are exploring the role of polyploidy 多倍体 in enhancing disease resistance in plants.

研究人员正在探索多倍体在增强植物抗病性中的作用。

11.Many cultivated crops, like wheat, are a result of polyploidy 多倍体 events.

许多栽培作物，如小麦，是多倍体事件的结果。

12.The study of polyploidy 多倍体 is crucial for understanding plant evolution.

研究多倍体对理解植物进化至关重要。

13.The phenomenon of polyploidy 多倍体 can lead to larger fruit sizes in some species.

在某些物种中，多倍体现象可以导致果实尺寸增大。

作文

Polyploidy is a fascinating biological phenomenon that has significant implications in the fields of genetics, agriculture, and evolutionary biology. In simple terms, polyploidy (多倍体) refers to the condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. While most organisms are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one from each parent—polyploid organisms can have three (triploid), four (tetraploid), or even more sets of chromosomes. This condition is particularly common in plants, but it also occurs in some animal species.The occurrence of polyploidy (多倍体) can arise through various mechanisms, including errors during cell division, hybridization between species, or even intentional manipulation by humans in agricultural practices. For instance, many cultivated crops, such as wheat, cotton, and potatoes, are polyploid. The process of creating polyploid plants often results in larger size, increased vigor, and improved resistance to diseases and environmental stresses. This has made polyploidy (多倍体) a valuable tool for plant breeders seeking to enhance crop yields and resilience.In nature, polyploidy (多倍体) plays a crucial role in evolution and speciation. When two different species interbreed, their offspring may end up with a combination of chromosome sets from both parents. If these hybrids become polyploid, they may be able to reproduce successfully among themselves but remain reproductively isolated from the parent species. This reproductive isolation can lead to the emergence of new species over time, contributing to the rich diversity of life on Earth.Moreover, polyploidy (多倍体) can also influence the genetic makeup of populations. Polyploid organisms often exhibit increased genetic variation, which can provide them with greater adaptability to changing environments. This adaptability is essential in the face of climate change and other environmental pressures. For example, polyploid plants may be better equipped to survive droughts or resist pests, making them crucial for sustainable agriculture.However, polyploidy (多倍体) is not without its challenges. While polyploid organisms can benefit from increased genetic material, they may also face issues related to genomic instability. The presence of multiple chromosome sets can lead to complications during cell division, potentially resulting in abnormal development or reduced fertility. This is why many polyploid plants are sterile, as seen in certain varieties of seedless fruits like bananas and watermelons.In summary, polyploidy (多倍体) is a key concept in understanding the complexity of genetics and the evolution of species. Its significance extends beyond the realm of biology, influencing agriculture, ecology, and conservation efforts. As we continue to explore the intricacies of polyploidy (多倍体), we gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of evolution and the potential for harnessing this phenomenon to improve food security and biodiversity. By appreciating the role of polyploidy (多倍体) in nature, we can better understand the delicate balance of ecosystems and the importance of preserving the genetic diversity that sustains life on our planet.

多倍体是一个引人入胜的生物现象，在遗传学、农业和进化生物学等领域具有重要意义。简单来说，polyploidy（多倍体）是指生物体拥有超过两个完整的染色体组的状态。虽然大多数生物是二倍体，意味着它们有两组染色体——每组来自一个亲本，但多倍体生物可以有三组（三倍体）、四组（四倍体）或甚至更多的染色体组。这种情况在植物中尤其常见，但也发生在一些动物物种中。polyploidy（多倍体）的发生可以通过各种机制产生，包括细胞分裂过程中出现错误、物种间的杂交，甚至是人类在农业实践中故意操控。例如，许多栽培作物，如小麦、棉花和土豆，都是多倍体。创造多倍体植物的过程通常会导致更大的体型、增强的活力以及对疾病和环境压力的改善抵抗力。这使得polyploidy（多倍体）成为植物育种者寻求提高作物产量和韧性的重要工具。在自然界中，polyploidy（多倍体）在进化和物种形成中扮演着至关重要的角色。当两个不同的物种杂交时，它们的后代可能会获得来自两个亲本的染色体组的组合。如果这些杂交种成为多倍体，它们可能能够成功地在自己之间繁殖，但与亲本物种保持生殖隔离。这种生殖隔离可以随着时间的推移导致新物种的出现，从而丰富地球上的生命多样性。此外，polyploidy（多倍体）还可以影响种群的遗传构成。多倍体生物通常表现出更高的遗传变异，这可以为它们提供更大的适应性，以应对变化的环境。这种适应性在气候变化和其他环境压力面前至关重要。例如，多倍体植物可能更能抵御干旱或抵抗害虫，使它们对可持续农业至关重要。然而，polyploidy（多倍体）并非没有挑战。尽管多倍体生物可以从增加的遗传物质中受益，但它们也可能面临与基因组不稳定性相关的问题。多个染色体组的存在可能导致细胞分裂过程中出现并发症，可能导致发育异常或生育能力降低。这就是为什么许多多倍体植物是无性的，例如某些无籽水果品种，如香蕉和西瓜。总之，polyploidy（多倍体）是理解遗传学复杂性和物种进化的关键概念。它的重要性超越了生物学领域，影响着农业、生态学和保护工作。随着我们继续探索polyploidy（多倍体）的复杂性，我们获得了对进化机制和利用这一现象改善粮食安全和生物多样性的宝贵见解。通过欣赏polyploidy（多倍体）在自然界中的作用，我们可以更好地理解生态系统的微妙平衡以及保护维持我们星球生命的遗传多样性的重要性。