feudality

简明释义

英[fjuːˈdælɪti]美[fjʊˈdæləti]

n. 封地；封建领地；封建制度

复 数 f e u d a l i t i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The first of which to the end of 1960s is characterized as both the criticism of the feudality in Japan and the acknowledgement of the social change in China.

第一个阶段到60年代末期为止。这一时期日本学界的特点是，以批判日本社会封建性为主要特征，对中国的社会变革持肯定态度。

2.In 1782 his another drama "scheme and love" makes a more brilliance and stronger be against feudality.

1782年他的另一剧本《阴谋与爱情》的反封建性更加鲜明而强烈。

3.The first of which to the end of 1960s is characterized as both the criticism of the feudality in Japan and the acknowledgement of the social change in China.

第一个阶段到60年代末期为止。这一时期日本学界的特点是，以批判日本社会封建性为主要特征，对中国的社会变革持肯定态度。

4.The concept of feudality 封建制度 played a crucial role in shaping medieval societies.

封建制度在塑造中世纪社会中起着至关重要的作用。

5.In many historical novels, the struggles between lords and vassals highlight the system of feudality 封建制度.

在许多历史小说中，领主与附庸之间的斗争突显了封建制度。

6.The decline of feudality 封建制度 marked the transition to modern nation-states.

封建制度的衰落标志着现代民族国家的过渡。

7.The relationship between the serfs and their lords exemplifies the principles of feudality 封建制度.

农奴与他们的领主之间的关系体现了封建制度的原则。

8.Some scholars argue that the remnants of feudality 封建制度 still exist in contemporary political systems.

一些学者认为，封建制度的残余仍然存在于当代政治体系中。

作文

Throughout history, the concept of feudality has played a significant role in shaping societies and their structures. Feudality (封建制度) refers to a social system that was prominent in medieval Europe, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty to a monarch. This hierarchical structure created a clear division between different classes, including kings, lords, vassals, and serfs. Understanding feudality is essential for comprehending the political and social dynamics of the time.The roots of feudality can be traced back to the collapse of the Roman Empire. As centralized power waned, local lords began to assume control over their territories. They offered protection to peasants and serfs in exchange for labor and agricultural produce. This mutual dependence formed the basis of the feudality system, which was characterized by a web of obligations and rights.One of the key features of feudality was the relationship between lords and vassals. A lord would grant land, known as a fief, to a vassal in return for military support. This created a bond of loyalty, where the vassal pledged allegiance to the lord. In turn, the lord was expected to protect the vassal and provide justice within his domain. This system of mutual obligation ensured stability and order in a time when warfare and invasions were common.However, feudality also had its drawbacks. The rigid class structure limited social mobility, trapping many individuals in a life of servitude. Serfs, who worked the land, were often bound to it and could not leave without permission from their lords. This lack of freedom and opportunity led to discontent among the lower classes, which would eventually contribute to social upheaval and revolutions in later centuries.As time progressed, the feudality system began to decline. The rise of centralized monarchies and the emergence of a merchant class weakened the power of the nobility. The introduction of money as a means of exchange also diminished the reliance on land ownership as the primary source of wealth. By the end of the Middle Ages, feudality had largely given way to more modern forms of governance and economic systems.In contemporary discussions, the term feudality is sometimes used metaphorically to describe any hierarchical system where power is distributed unevenly. For instance, in corporate environments, one might refer to a feudality of leadership where upper management holds significant authority over lower-level employees. Understanding this modern application helps us recognize the lingering effects of historical feudality in our current societal structures.In conclusion, feudality has been a foundational aspect of human civilization that has influenced the development of social, political, and economic systems throughout history. Its legacy is evident in various forms today, reminding us of the complexities of power dynamics and social relations. By studying feudality, we gain insight into the past and its implications for our present and future.

在历史上，feudality（封建制度）这一概念在塑造社会及其结构方面发挥了重要作用。Feudality指的是中世纪欧洲盛行的一种社会制度，在这种制度下，土地由贵族掌握，以换取对君主的军事服务和忠诚。这种等级结构在国王、领主、附庸和农奴等不同阶级之间创造了明确的分工。理解feudality对于理解当时的政治和社会动态至关重要。Feudality的根源可以追溯到罗马帝国的崩溃。随着中央集权的衰弱，当地的领主开始掌控自己的领土。他们向农民和农奴提供保护，以换取劳动和农业产品。这种相互依赖形成了feudality制度的基础，其特点是义务和权利的网络。Feudality的一个关键特征是领主与附庸之间的关系。领主会将土地（称为封地）授予附庸，以换取军事支持。这种关系创造了忠诚的纽带，附庸向领主宣誓效忠。作为回报，领主有责任保护附庸，并在其领地内提供公正。这种相互义务的制度确保了在战争和入侵频繁的时期的稳定和秩序。然而，feudality也有其缺点。严格的阶级结构限制了社会流动性，使许多人陷入了奴役的生活中。农奴，作为耕作土地的人，往往被束缚在土地上，未经领主许可无法离开。这种缺乏自由和机会的状况导致了下层阶级的不满，这最终促成了后来的社会动荡和革命。随着时间的推移，feudality制度开始衰退。中央集权的崛起和商人阶级的出现削弱了贵族的权力。货币作为交换手段的引入也减少了对土地所有权作为财富主要来源的依赖。到中世纪末期，feudality在很大程度上让位于更现代的治理和经济体系。在当代讨论中，feudality一词有时被用作比喻，描述任何权力分配不均的等级制度。例如，在企业环境中，人们可能会提到领导层的feudality，其中高层管理者对低层员工拥有显著的权威。理解这一现代应用帮助我们认识到历史feudality在我们当前社会结构中的持续影响。总之，feudality是人类文明的基础性方面，它影响了历史上社会、政治和经济体系的发展。它的遗产在今天以各种形式显现，提醒我们权力动态和社会关系的复杂性。通过研究feudality，我们获得了对过去及其对我们现在和未来的影响的深刻见解。