dipole polarization

简明释义

偶极子式极化

英英释义

例句

1.The dipole polarization of water molecules contributes significantly to its solvent properties.

水分子的偶极极化显著影响其溶剂特性。

2.Understanding dipole polarization is crucial for designing effective dielectric materials.

理解偶极极化对于设计有效的介电材料至关重要。

3.The phenomenon of dipole polarization can affect the optical properties of certain crystals.

在某些晶体中，偶极极化现象会影响其光学特性。

4.Researchers are studying dipole polarization effects in ferroelectric materials for potential applications in memory devices.

研究人员正在研究铁电材料中的偶极极化效应，以便在存储设备中应用。

5.In molecular physics, dipole polarization refers to the distortion of electron clouds in response to an external electric field.

在分子物理中，偶极极化是指电子云在外部电场作用下的扭曲。

作文

In the realm of physics and chemistry, understanding the concept of dipole polarization is crucial for grasping how molecules interact with electric fields. Dipole polarization refers to the phenomenon where a molecule with a permanent dipole moment experiences an induced separation of charge when subjected to an external electric field. This effect is particularly significant in polar molecules, which possess a positive and a negative end due to the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. To further elaborate, let’s consider water (H2O), a classic example of a polar molecule. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge at the oxygen end and a partial positive charge at the hydrogen ends. When water is placed in an electric field, the dipole polarization causes the molecule to align itself with the field, enhancing its overall polarity. This alignment can lead to various physical properties, such as the high boiling point of water compared to non-polar substances of similar molecular weight.The implications of dipole polarization extend beyond mere molecular alignment; they play a critical role in determining the solubility of substances. Polar solvents, like water, dissolve ionic compounds and other polar molecules effectively due to dipole polarization. The positive end of the solvent molecules attracts negatively charged ions, while the negative end attracts positively charged ions, leading to the dissociation of the ionic compound in solution. This characteristic is fundamental in biological systems, where water serves as a solvent for biochemical reactions.Moreover, dipole polarization is not limited to static situations; it also influences dynamic processes such as reaction mechanisms. In chemical reactions involving polar reactants, the presence of an electric field can accelerate reaction rates by stabilizing transition states through dipole interactions. Thus, understanding dipole polarization provides insights into the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions.In addition to its role in chemistry, dipole polarization is vital in the field of materials science. For instance, in the development of dielectric materials, which are insulators that can be polarized by an electric field, dipole polarization helps improve the material's ability to store electrical energy. These materials are essential in capacitors, which are used in various electronic devices. The efficiency of a capacitor largely depends on the extent of dipole polarization within the dielectric material, making it a key factor in electronic engineering.Furthermore, dipole polarization has implications in the study of intermolecular forces. The strength of dipole-dipole interactions, which arise from the attraction between polar molecules, is influenced by the degree of dipole polarization. These interactions affect boiling points, melting points, and vapor pressures of substances, all of which are vital for understanding phase transitions and material behavior under different conditions.In conclusion, the concept of dipole polarization is a fundamental aspect of both chemistry and physics. It explains the behavior of polar molecules in electric fields, their solubility properties, and their interactions during chemical reactions. Additionally, dipole polarization plays a significant role in materials science and the understanding of intermolecular forces. By comprehensively studying dipole polarization, scientists can unlock new applications and enhance our understanding of the molecular world around us.

在物理和化学领域，理解“偶极极化”的概念对于掌握分子如何与电场相互作用至关重要。“偶极极化”是指当分子具有永久偶极矩并受到外部电场影响时，发生的电荷分离现象。这一效应在极性分子中尤为显著，因为这些分子由于原子之间电子的不均匀共享而具有正负两端。为了进一步阐述这个概念，让我们考虑水（H2O），这是一个经典的极性分子实例。氧原子比氢原子更具电负性，导致氧端带有部分负电荷，而氢端带有部分正电荷。当水置于电场中时，“偶极极化”使得水分子与电场对齐，从而增强其整体极性。这种对齐会导致各种物理性质，例如水的沸点高于相似分子量的非极性物质。“偶极极化”的影响不仅限于分子的静态排列；它还在决定物质溶解度方面起着关键作用。极性溶剂，如水，能够有效溶解离子化合物和其他极性分子，这要归功于“偶极极化”。溶剂分子的正端吸引带负电的离子，而负端则吸引带正电的离子，从而导致离子化合物在溶液中的解离。这一特性在生物系统中至关重要，因为水作为生化反应的溶剂。此外，“偶极极化”不仅限于静态情况；它还影响动态过程，例如反应机制。在涉及极性反应物的化学反应中，电场的存在可以通过稳定过渡态来加速反应速率。因此，理解“偶极极化”可以为化学反应的动力学和热力学提供深入见解。除了在化学中的作用外，“偶极极化”在材料科学领域也至关重要。例如，在介电材料的开发中，这些材料是可以被电场极化的绝缘体，“偶极极化”有助于提高材料储存电能的能力。这些材料在电容器中至关重要，电容器用于各种电子设备。电容器的效率在很大程度上取决于介电材料中“偶极极化”的程度，这使其成为电子工程中的关键因素。此外，“偶极极化”在研究分子间力方面也具有重要意义。源于极性分子之间相互吸引的偶极-偶极相互作用的强度受“偶极极化”程度的影响。这些相互作用影响物质的沸点、熔点和蒸气压，这些都是理解不同条件下相变和材料行为的重要因素。总之，“偶极极化”的概念是化学和物理学的基本方面。它解释了极性分子在电场中的行为、它们的溶解性质以及在化学反应中的相互作用。此外，“偶极极化”在材料科学和分子间力的理解中也发挥了重要作用。通过全面研究“偶极极化”，科学家可以解锁新的应用，并增强我们对周围分子世界的理解。