glia

简明释义

英[ˈɡliːə]美[ˈɡlaɪə]

n. 神经胶质（等于 neuroglia）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The majority of cells in the human brain are not nerve cells but star-shaped glia cells, the so called "astroglia".

人脑大部分细胞并非神经细胞，而是星状胶质细胞。

2.Granular and compact FUS deposits were identified in glia and neuronal cytoplasm and nuclei.

在神经胶质和神经元细胞质和细胞核中发现有颗粒状致密的FUS沉积。

3.If signals can travel extensively through astrocyte circuits, then glia at one site could activate distant glia to coordinate the firing of neural networks across regions of the brain.

如果讯号可以全面传送到整个星状细胞线路，那么在某一处的神经胶细胞，就可以活化远处的神经胶细胞，进而协调不同脑区中神经网路的活动了。

4.To study effect of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents on the reuptake of amino acid by primary cultured glia cells.

研究芳烃类有机溶剂对原代培养大鼠神经胶质细胞的谷氨酸重摄取的影响。

5.Objective: To investigate the dedifferentiation of glia cells and the expression of related molecules after optic nerve injury.

目的：研究视神经损伤后神经胶质细胞去分化的程度及相关分子的表达。

6.Propped up by glia, neurons were free to communicate across tiny contact points called synapses and to establish a web of connections that allow us to think, remember and jump for joy.

靠著神经胶细胞的支持，神经元可以透过称为突触的微小接触点，自由沟通并建立连结网路，让我们能够思考、记忆及在高兴时手舞足蹈。

7.Microglia act as the immune defense in the brain, a vital function of glia.

小胶质细胞在大脑中充当免疫防御，这是胶质细胞的重要功能。

8.The role of glia in the nervous system is to support and protect neurons.

在神经系统中，胶质细胞的作用是支持和保护神经元。

9.Astrocytes, a type of glia, help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

星形胶质细胞，一种类型的胶质细胞，帮助维持血脑屏障。

10.Recent studies have shown that glia can play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity.

最近的研究表明，胶质细胞在突触可塑性中可以发挥重要作用。

11.The communication between neurons and glia is essential for brain function.

神经元与胶质细胞之间的交流对大脑功能至关重要。

作文

The human brain is an incredibly complex organ, composed of billions of cells that work together to facilitate our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Among these cells, there are two primary types: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the well-known nerve cells responsible for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system, but the role of glial cells, or 胶质细胞, is equally important yet often overlooked. In this essay, I will explore the functions and significance of glia in the brain and how they contribute to overall brain health and functionality.Glial cells serve several critical functions in the brain. First and foremost, they provide structural support to neurons, acting as a scaffolding that helps maintain the integrity of the nervous system. This structural role is vital because neurons are delicate and require a stable environment to function correctly. Without the support of glia, neurons would struggle to survive and operate efficiently.Additionally, glia play a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis within the brain. They help regulate the chemical environment around neurons, ensuring that the right balance of ions and neurotransmitters is maintained. This regulation is essential for proper neuronal function and communication. For instance, astrocytes, a type of glia, are known to absorb excess neurotransmitters and potassium ions, preventing toxic buildup that could lead to neuronal damage.Moreover, glia are involved in the repair and regeneration processes following brain injuries. When neurons are damaged, glia can proliferate and migrate to the injury site, where they release growth factors that promote healing and recovery. This regenerative ability highlights the importance of glia not only in maintaining normal brain function but also in responding to trauma and supporting recovery.Another fascinating aspect of glia is their involvement in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recent research has shown that glia can influence synapse formation and remodeling, which are essential processes for learning and memory. For example, microglia, a type of immune glia, can prune unnecessary synapses during development and in response to experience, thereby shaping the neural circuitry that underlies cognitive functions.Despite the essential roles of glia, they have historically been considered 'supporting players' in the brain. However, as research advances, it is becoming increasingly clear that glia are active participants in many neurological processes. This shift in perspective has significant implications for understanding brain diseases. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia have all been linked to dysfunctions in glia. By studying these cells more closely, scientists hope to uncover new therapeutic targets and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.In conclusion, glia are far more than mere support cells; they are integral to the functioning of the brain. Their roles in structural support, homeostasis, repair, and synaptic plasticity underscore their importance in both healthy and diseased states. As we continue to unravel the complexities of the brain, it is imperative to recognize and appreciate the contributions of glia to our overall cognitive health and well-being. Understanding these cells will undoubtedly pave the way for innovative approaches to treating neurological disorders and enhancing brain function.

人脑是一个极其复杂的器官，由数十亿个细胞组成，这些细胞共同工作，以促进我们的思想、情感和行为。在这些细胞中，有两种主要类型：神经元和胶质细胞。神经元是负责在神经系统中传递信号的著名神经细胞，但胶质细胞或胶质细胞的作用同样重要，却常常被忽视。在这篇文章中，我将探讨glia在大脑中的功能和重要性，以及它们如何促进整体大脑健康和功能。胶质细胞在大脑中发挥着几项关键功能。首先，它们为神经元提供结构支持，充当支架，帮助维持神经系统的完整性。这种结构作用至关重要，因为神经元非常脆弱，需要一个稳定的环境才能正常运作。如果没有glia的支持，神经元将很难生存和高效运作。此外，glia在维持大脑内稳态方面也起着至关重要的作用。它们帮助调节神经元周围的化学环境，确保离子和神经递质的正确平衡。这种调节对神经元的正常功能和交流至关重要。例如，一种叫做星形胶质细胞的glia已知能够吸收多余的神经递质和钾离子，防止有毒物质的积聚，从而可能导致神经元损伤。此外，glia还参与大脑受伤后的修复和再生过程。当神经元受损时，glia可以增殖并迁移到受伤部位，在那里释放生长因子以促进愈合和恢复。这种再生能力突显了glia在维持正常大脑功能以及应对创伤和支持恢复方面的重要性。glia的另一个迷人之处在于它们在突触传递和可塑性中的参与。最近的研究表明，glia可以影响突触形成和重塑，这些过程对于学习和记忆至关重要。例如，微胶质细胞，一种免疫glia，可以在发育和经验反应中修剪不必要的突触，从而塑造基础认知功能的神经电路。尽管glia的基本角色，但它们历来被认为是大脑中的“辅助角色”。然而，随着研究的进展，越来越清楚的是，glia是在许多神经过程中的积极参与者。这种观点的转变对理解脑病具有重要意义。阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症和精神分裂症等疾病都与glia的功能障碍有关。通过更密切地研究这些细胞，科学家希望揭示新的治疗靶点和策略，以治疗这些严重的疾病。总之，glia远不止是支持细胞；它们是大脑功能的不可或缺的一部分。它们在结构支持、稳态、修复和突触可塑性方面的作用强调了它们在健康和疾病状态下的重要性。随着我们继续解开大脑的复杂性，认识和欣赏glia对我们整体认知健康和福祉的贡献是至关重要的。理解这些细胞无疑将为治疗神经疾病和增强大脑功能开辟创新的方法。