mutation

简明释义

英[mjuːˈteɪʃn]美[mjuːˈteɪʃn]

n. （动物或植物的）突变，变异；（基因结构突变产生的）突变体，突变型；（形式的）转变，改变；语流音变，变音

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例句

1.While most disease-causing mutated are found in humans at a rate of one in a few thousand to one in a few million people, founder mutation can occur at much higher rates.

虽然大多数致病突变在人类中发现的概率为千分之一到百万分之一，但基础突变发生的几率可能高得多。

2.This mutation has previously been identified in Viet Nam in one case in 2005.

这一突变以前在2005年越南的一个病例中曾得到鉴别。

3.Typically mutation and selection are seen as consequences of replication.

按照现行理论，变异和选择可以认为是复制的后果。

4.Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.

东非和北欧的养牛人发生了一种突变，帮助他们像成年人一样消化牛奶。

5.The scientists found this mutation, at a gene called HERC2.

最终，这个团队发现了此变种，变异基因命名为HERC2。

6.If a copy of a gene is a bit different from the original, that's called a genetic mutation.

如果一个复制的基因与原来的有些许不同，那就叫做基因突变。

7.But the drug also caused a mutation in the virus, they found.

但是他们发现，药物也造成了病毒的变异。

8.Turkish scientists led by Tayfun Ozcelik suggested that a mutation in a single gene might result in quadrupedalism.

由塔丰·奥兹利克带领的土耳其科学家提出，一个基因的突变可能会导致四足动物的出现。

9.People with this mutation are more or less immune to HIV infection.

带有这种突变的人对于艾滋病毒感染存在或多或少的免疫能力。

10.The mutation in the gene was linked to a higher risk of developing heart disease.

该基因中的突变与心脏病风险增加有关。

11.The scientist discovered a rare mutation in the DNA sequence that could lead to new treatments.

科学家发现了DNA序列中一种罕见的突变，这可能导致新疗法的出现。

12.Some viruses undergo rapid mutation, making it difficult to develop effective vaccines.

一些病毒快速发生突变，使得开发有效疫苗变得困难。

13.In cancer research, researchers study genetic mutations that can cause uncontrolled cell growth.

在癌症研究中，研究人员研究可以导致细胞失控生长的遗传突变。

14.A beneficial mutation can provide an organism with a survival advantage in its environment.

有益的突变可以为生物体在其环境中提供生存优势。

作文

In the world of biology, the term mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. This change can occur naturally or be induced by environmental factors, such as radiation or chemicals. Mutation plays a crucial role in the process of evolution, as it introduces genetic diversity within a population. Without mutation, species would struggle to adapt to changing environments and could face extinction. For instance, consider the case of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution in England. Prior to this period, most of these moths had light-colored wings, which helped them blend in with the lichen-covered trees. However, due to pollution, the trees became darker, and a mutation resulted in a darker variant of the moth. This mutation provided better camouflage against predators, allowing the darker moths to survive and reproduce more effectively than their lighter counterparts. This is a classic example of natural selection driven by mutation.Moreover, mutation is not always beneficial. Some genetic changes can lead to diseases or disorders. For example, certain types of cancer are caused by specific mutations in genes that regulate cell growth. These harmful mutations can disrupt normal cellular functions, leading to uncontrolled growth and tumor formation. Understanding how mutation contributes to such conditions is vital for developing effective treatments and preventive measures.In addition to its role in evolution and disease, mutation is also a fundamental concept in genetics and molecular biology. Scientists study mutations to understand the mechanisms of heredity and the functioning of genes. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 have been developed to edit genes deliberately, allowing researchers to create specific mutations for experimental purposes. This has opened up new avenues for research, including gene therapy, where mutations can potentially be corrected to treat genetic disorders.Furthermore, mutation is a topic of great interest in the field of virology, especially in the context of pandemics. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, has undergone numerous mutations since its emergence. Some of these mutations have affected the virus's transmissibility and vaccine effectiveness. Monitoring and understanding these viral mutations is crucial for public health responses and vaccine development.In conclusion, mutation is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various aspects of biology, from evolution and disease to genetics and virology. Its implications are far-reaching, influencing everything from the survival of species to the development of medical therapies. By studying mutation, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of life and the ongoing processes that shape the living world. As we continue to explore the intricacies of mutation, we unlock the potential to harness its power for advancements in science and medicine. Understanding mutation is not just about grasping a scientific term; it is about appreciating the dynamic nature of life itself, where change is the only constant.

在生物学的世界中，术语mutation指的是一个生物体DNA序列的变化。这种变化可以自然发生，也可以由于环境因素如辐射或化学物质而诱导。Mutation在进化过程中扮演着至关重要的角色，因为它为种群引入了遗传多样性。如果没有mutation，物种将难以适应不断变化的环境，可能面临灭绝。例如，考虑工业革命时期英国的胡椒蛾。在此之前，这些蛾子大多数有浅色的翅膀，这帮助它们与苔藓覆盖的树木融为一体。然而，由于污染，树木变得更黑，一种mutation导致了一种更暗的蛾子变体。这种mutation提供了更好的伪装，使得较暗的蛾子能够更有效地躲避捕食者，从而存活下来并繁殖。这是由mutation驱动的自然选择的经典例子。此外，mutation并不总是有利的。一些基因变化可能导致疾病或障碍。例如，某些类型的癌症是由特定的基因中的mutations引起的，这些基因调节细胞生长。这些有害的mutations可能会干扰正常的细胞功能，导致不受控制的生长和肿瘤形成。理解mutation如何导致这些病症对于开发有效的治疗和预防措施至关重要。除了在进化和疾病中的作用外，mutation还是遗传学和分子生物学中的基本概念。科学家研究mutations以理解遗传机制和基因的功能。诸如CRISPR-Cas9等技术已被开发出来，以便有意编辑基因，使研究人员能够创建特定的mutations用于实验目的。这为研究开辟了新的途径，包括基因治疗，在这种治疗中，mutations可能会被纠正以治疗遗传疾病。此外，在病毒学领域，尤其是在流行病的背景下，mutation是一个备受关注的话题。导致COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2病毒自出现以来经历了许多mutations。其中一些mutations影响了病毒的传播性和疫苗的有效性。监测和理解这些病毒的mutations对于公共卫生响应和疫苗开发至关重要。总之，mutation是一个多方面的概念，涵盖了生物学的各个方面，从进化和疾病到遗传学和病毒学。它的影响深远，影响着从物种的生存到医学疗法的发展。通过研究mutation，我们获得了对生命复杂性的宝贵见解，以及塑造生物世界的持续过程。随着我们继续探索mutation的复杂性，我们解锁了利用其力量推动科学和医学进步的潜力。理解mutation不仅仅是掌握一个科学术语；而是欣赏生命本身的动态特性，在这里变化是唯一的不变。