subsidence

简明释义

英[səbˈsaɪdns;ˈsʌbsɪdns]美[səbˈsaɪdnsˌˈsʌbsɪdns]

n. 下沉；沉淀；陷没

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Land subsidence has been aggravated by overpumping of underground water and the construction of thousands of high-rise buildings.

过度抽取地下水和建造成千上万的高层建筑加剧了地面沉降。

2.There are three models of ground subsidence: cave in ground subsidence, sink ground subsidence and graben ground subsidence.

地面塌陷有三种模式，即冒落式地面塌陷、沉陷式地面塌陷和地堑式地面塌陷。

3.Where relevant, the design should include the effects of phenomena such as subsidence, heave, freezing, thawing, erosion, etc.

设计时应考虑相关现象的影响，例如下沉，上升，冰冻，融化，腐蚀等。

4.Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth'scrust.

许多盆地都是由于地壳陷落而形成的。

5.On the background of a large-scale subsidence, there are many subsidence centers with different size.

在大范围的下降背景上，又分布着许多大大小小的沉降中心。

6.The ratification of Korus without the support of opposition parties could cause further subsidence of the GNP's ratings in opinion polls.

美韩自贸协定的批准没有得到在野党的认同，这可能导致大国家党的民调支持率进一步下滑。

7.Residents were evacuated due to fears of subsidence 沉降 in the nearby land.

由于担心附近土地的subsidence 沉降，居民被疏散。

8.They conducted a study to assess the risk of subsidence 沉降 in old mining towns.

他们进行了研究，以评估老矿镇的subsidence 沉降风险。

9.The engineers are concerned about the potential for subsidence 沉降 in the area due to heavy rainfall.

工程师们担心由于强降雨，该地区可能发生subsidence 沉降。

10.The city council is investing in infrastructure to prevent subsidence 沉降 caused by groundwater extraction.

市议会正在投资基础设施，以防止因地下水抽取引起的subsidence 沉降。

11.The foundation of the building showed signs of subsidence 沉降 after the earthquake.

地震后，建筑物的基础出现了subsidence 沉降的迹象。

作文

The phenomenon of land sinking, known as subsidence, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its impact on urban development and infrastructure. Subsidence refers to the gradual downward movement of the earth's surface, which can occur for various reasons, including natural geological processes and human activities. Understanding the causes and consequences of subsidence is crucial for city planners, environmentalists, and residents alike.One of the primary causes of subsidence is the extraction of groundwater. In many regions, especially those reliant on aquifers for their water supply, excessive pumping can lead to a decrease in water levels underground. This reduction in water can cause the soil and rock layers to compact, resulting in the ground sinking. Cities like Mexico City and Jakarta have experienced severe subsidence due to this issue, leading to significant damage to buildings and infrastructure.Another factor contributing to subsidence is the natural settling of soil over time. Certain types of soil, particularly clay, can shrink and expand based on moisture content. When these soils dry out, they can lose volume, leading to minor but noticeable subsidence. This type of ground movement is often gradual and may go unnoticed until it affects structures built on or within the soil.In addition to groundwater extraction and natural processes, subsidence can also be triggered by mining activities. When minerals are extracted from deep underground, the removal of material can create voids that lead to the collapse of the ground above. This form of subsidence is often sudden and can pose serious risks to nearby communities. For instance, areas around coal mines have reported significant ground sinking, leading to property damage and safety hazards.The consequences of subsidence can be far-reaching. In urban areas, subsidence can result in cracked foundations, misaligned roads, and damaged utilities. These issues not only affect individual properties but can also strain local governments and emergency services as they work to address the problems. Furthermore, subsidence can exacerbate flooding in low-lying areas, as the sinking ground can alter natural drainage patterns.To mitigate the effects of subsidence, it is essential for cities to adopt sustainable water management practices. This includes regulating groundwater extraction and investing in alternative water sources, such as rainwater harvesting and desalination. Additionally, urban planning should take into account the potential for subsidence when designing new developments. Engineers can implement measures such as soil stabilization techniques and building designs that accommodate minor ground movements.Public awareness and education about subsidence are also vital. Residents should be informed about the signs of subsidence, such as cracks in walls or uneven floors, so they can report these issues promptly. Community engagement can lead to better preparedness and response strategies, ultimately reducing the risks associated with this phenomenon.In conclusion, subsidence is a complex issue that requires attention from multiple stakeholders. By understanding its causes, consequences, and potential solutions, communities can work together to address the challenges posed by subsidence and ensure a safer, more resilient future. As urbanization continues to expand, proactive measures are necessary to protect our cities from the impacts of this natural phenomenon.

土地下沉现象被称为subsidence，近年来由于其对城市发展和基础设施的影响而备受关注。subsidence指的是地球表面逐渐向下移动的现象，这可能由于自然地质过程和人类活动等多种原因引起。理解subsidence的原因和后果对于城市规划者、环保人士和居民来说至关重要。subsidence的主要原因之一是地下水的开采。在许多地区，尤其是那些依赖含水层作为水源的地区，过度抽取水源会导致地下水位下降。这种水分的减少可能导致土壤和岩石层的压实，从而导致地面下沉。像墨西哥城和雅加达这样的城市因这一问题经历了严重的subsidence，导致建筑物和基础设施遭受重大损害。导致subsidence的另一个因素是土壤随时间自然沉降的过程。某些类型的土壤，特别是粘土，可能会根据水分含量的变化而收缩和膨胀。当这些土壤干燥时，它们可能会失去体积，导致轻微但明显的subsidence。这种类型的地面运动通常是渐进的，可能在影响到建在土壤上的结构之前不被注意。除了地下水开采和自然过程外，subsidence还可能由于采矿活动引发。当从地下深处提取矿物时，材料的移除可能会造成空洞，从而导致上方的地面坍塌。这种形式的subsidence通常是突然发生的，可能对附近社区构成严重风险。例如，煤矿周围的地区报告了显著的地面下沉，导致财产损失和安全隐患。subsidence的后果可能影响深远。在城市地区，subsidence可能导致基础裂缝、道路错位和公用设施损坏。这些问题不仅影响个别财产，还可能给地方政府和应急服务带来压力，因为他们需要解决这些问题。此外，subsidence可能加剧低洼地区的洪水，因为下沉的地面可能改变自然排水模式。为了减轻subsidence的影响，城市必须采取可持续的水管理实践。这包括对地下水开采进行监管，并投资于替代水源，例如雨水收集和海水淡化。此外，城市规划在设计新开发项目时应考虑subsidence的潜在影响。工程师可以实施土壤稳定技术和适应小范围地面运动的建筑设计。公众意识和教育同样至关重要。居民应了解subsidence的迹象，例如墙壁裂缝或地板不平，以便及时报告这些问题。社区参与可以促进更好的准备和响应策略，从而最终减少与这一现象相关的风险。总之，subsidence是一个复杂的问题，需要多个利益相关者的关注。通过理解其原因、后果和潜在解决方案，社区可以共同努力应对subsidence带来的挑战，并确保一个更安全、更有韧性的未来。随着城市化的不断扩展，采取主动措施来保护我们的城市免受这一自然现象的影响是必要的。