electrical conductivity

简明释义

导电率

英英释义

例句

1.Copper is widely used in electrical wiring due to its high electrical conductivity (导电性).

铜因其高导电性而广泛用于电线中。

2.Materials with low electrical conductivity (导电性) are often used as insulators.

低导电性的材料通常用作绝缘体。

3.The electrical conductivity (导电性) of a solution can indicate the concentration of ions present.

溶液的导电性可以指示存在的离子浓度。

4.Scientists measure the electrical conductivity (导电性) of metals to determine their suitability for different applications.

科学家测量金属的导电性以确定其适合不同应用的程度。

5.The electrical conductivity (导电性) of water can vary significantly depending on its purity.

水的导电性取决于其纯度，可以有很大差异。

作文

Electrical conductivity is a fundamental property of materials that indicates their ability to conduct electric current. This property is crucial in various fields, including electronics, materials science, and electrical engineering. In simple terms, electrical conductivity (电导率) refers to how well a substance allows the flow of electric charge through it. Conductors, such as metals, have high electrical conductivity (电导率), while insulators, like rubber or glass, have low electrical conductivity (电导率). Understanding this concept is essential for designing and utilizing electrical circuits and devices.The mechanism behind electrical conductivity (电导率) involves the movement of charged particles, typically electrons in metals. When an electric field is applied to a conductive material, these free electrons gain energy and move towards the positive side of the field, creating a flow of electric current. The efficiency of this process is influenced by several factors, including temperature, material structure, and impurities present within the material.For instance, as temperature increases, the lattice vibrations in a metal also increase, which can scatter the flowing electrons and reduce the overall electrical conductivity (电导率). Conversely, in semiconductors, increasing temperature can enhance electrical conductivity (电导率) by generating more charge carriers. This dual behavior makes semiconductors unique and invaluable in modern technology, particularly in the development of transistors and integrated circuits.In practical applications, understanding electrical conductivity (电导率) is vital for selecting materials for specific purposes. For example, copper is widely used in electrical wiring due to its excellent electrical conductivity (电导率) and ductility. On the other hand, plastics are often used as insulating materials because they possess low electrical conductivity (电导率), preventing unwanted current flow and ensuring safety in electrical installations.Moreover, the measurement of electrical conductivity (电导率) is a common practice in laboratories and industries. It is usually expressed in siemens per meter (S/m). Various instruments, such as conductivity meters, are employed to assess the electrical conductivity (电导率) of different materials. This information helps engineers and scientists make informed decisions about material selection and design parameters in electrical systems.Furthermore, the study of electrical conductivity (电导率) extends beyond traditional materials. Researchers are exploring nanomaterials and advanced composites that exhibit unique electrical conductivity (电导率) properties. For instance, graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, has shown remarkable electrical conductivity (电导率) and could revolutionize the electronics industry by enabling faster and more efficient devices.In conclusion, electrical conductivity (电导率) is a critical concept that plays a significant role in the functionality of various materials and devices. Its understanding is essential for anyone involved in the fields of science and engineering. By grasping the principles of electrical conductivity (电导率), we can better appreciate the complexities of electrical systems and contribute to advancements in technology that improve our daily lives.

电导率是材料的一种基本属性，表示其导电能力。这一属性在电子学、材料科学和电气工程等多个领域至关重要。简单来说，电导率（electrical conductivity）指的是一种物质允许电荷流动的能力。导体，如金属，具有高的电导率（electrical conductivity），而绝缘体，如橡胶或玻璃，则具有低的电导率（electrical conductivity）。理解这一概念对于设计和使用电路及设备至关重要。电导率（electrical conductivity）的机制涉及带电粒子的运动，通常在金属中是电子。当施加电场到导电材料时，这些自由电子获得能量并向电场的正极移动，形成电流的流动。这个过程的效率受到多种因素的影响，包括温度、材料结构和材料中存在的杂质。例如，随着温度的升高，金属中的晶格振动也会增加，这可能会散射流动的电子，降低整体的电导率（electrical conductivity）。相反，在半导体中，温度的升高可以通过产生更多的载流子来增强电导率（electrical conductivity）。这种双重行为使得半导体独特且在现代技术中不可或缺，特别是在晶体管和集成电路的发展中。在实际应用中，理解电导率（electrical conductivity）对于选择特定用途的材料至关重要。例如，铜因其优良的电导率（electrical conductivity）和延展性而广泛用于电线。而塑料通常作为绝缘材料使用，因为它们具有低的电导率（electrical conductivity），防止不必要的电流流动，确保电气安装的安全。此外，电导率（electrical conductivity）的测量在实验室和工业中是一种常见的实践。它通常以西门子每米（S/m）为单位表达。各种仪器，如电导率计，被用来评估不同材料的电导率（electrical conductivity）。这些信息帮助工程师和科学家在电气系统的材料选择和设计参数上做出明智的决定。此外，电导率（electrical conductivity）的研究不仅限于传统材料。研究人员正在探索表现出独特电导率（electrical conductivity）特性的纳米材料和先进复合材料。例如，石墨烯是一种由碳原子以二维晶格排列的单层材料，显示出卓越的电导率（electrical conductivity），可能会通过使设备更快、更高效而彻底改变电子行业。总之，电导率（electrical conductivity）是一个关键概念，在各种材料和设备的功能中扮演着重要角色。理解这一点对于任何从事科学和工程领域的人都是必不可少的。通过掌握电导率（electrical conductivity）的原理，我们可以更好地理解电气系统的复杂性，并为改善我们日常生活的技术进步做出贡献。