dry adiabatic lapse rate

简明释义

干绝热递减率

英英释义

例句

1.The dry adiabatic lapse rate is crucial for understanding the formation of clouds and weather patterns.

理解云的形成和天气模式时，干绝热递减率至关重要。

2.When climbing a mountain, hikers may notice that the temperature drops according to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

在爬山时，徒步旅行者可能会注意到温度根据干绝热递减率下降。

3.As a balloon rises, it cools at the rate of the dry adiabatic lapse rate, which is approximately 9.8°C per kilometer.

当气球上升时，它的温度以大约每公里9.8°C的速度下降，这个速度被称为干绝热递减率。

4.In aviation, pilots must consider the dry adiabatic lapse rate when planning their ascent or descent.

在航空中，飞行员在规划上升或下降时必须考虑干绝热递减率。

5.Meteorologists use the dry adiabatic lapse rate to predict how air temperature changes with altitude.

气象学家使用干绝热递减率来预测空气温度随高度的变化。

作文

Understanding the concept of the dry adiabatic lapse rate is crucial for anyone studying meteorology or atmospheric sciences. The dry adiabatic lapse rate refers to the rate at which an unsaturated air parcel cools as it rises in the atmosphere. Specifically, this rate is approximately 9.8 degrees Celsius per kilometer (°C/km). This means that for every kilometer an unsaturated air parcel ascends, its temperature decreases by about 9.8°C. This phenomenon occurs because as air rises, the pressure surrounding it decreases, allowing the air to expand. As it expands, it does work on the surrounding environment, and this process requires energy, which comes from the internal energy of the air itself, resulting in a temperature drop.The significance of the dry adiabatic lapse rate lies in its implications for weather patterns and atmospheric stability. For instance, if a parcel of air is lifted and it cools at the dry adiabatic lapse rate, it may eventually reach a point where it becomes saturated with moisture. At this point, the air can hold no more water vapor, and any further cooling will lead to condensation, forming clouds. This transition marks the shift from dry to moist adiabatic processes, which have a different lapse rate, typically around 6°C/km due to the release of latent heat during condensation.Meteorologists use the dry adiabatic lapse rate to predict weather changes and understand atmospheric dynamics. For example, when analyzing the stability of the atmosphere, they compare the environmental lapse rate, which is the actual temperature change with altitude, to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. If the environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic lapse rate, the atmosphere is considered unstable, leading to the potential for convection and storm development. Conversely, if the environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate, the atmosphere is stable, suppressing vertical motion and cloud formation.In practical terms, understanding the dry adiabatic lapse rate helps pilots, engineers, and outdoor enthusiasts make informed decisions regarding safety and operations. For instance, when flying, pilots must be aware of how quickly air temperature can change with altitude, especially when climbing or descending through different layers of the atmosphere. Similarly, hikers and climbers need to consider how temperature variations due to elevation can impact their gear and physical exertion levels.In conclusion, the dry adiabatic lapse rate is a fundamental concept in meteorology that describes how unsaturated air cools as it rises. Its value of approximately 9.8°C/km plays a significant role in weather prediction, atmospheric stability, and practical applications in aviation and outdoor activities. By grasping this concept, individuals can better appreciate the complex interactions within our atmosphere and their effects on daily weather patterns. Understanding the dry adiabatic lapse rate not only enhances our knowledge of meteorological phenomena but also equips us with the tools needed to navigate and respond to the ever-changing conditions of our environment.

理解干绝热温度递减率的概念对任何学习气象或大气科学的人来说都是至关重要的。干绝热温度递减率指的是未饱和气团在大气中上升时冷却的速率。具体而言，这个速率大约为每千米9.8摄氏度（°C/km）。这意味着每当一个未饱和的气团上升一千米，它的温度就会下降大约9.8°C。这种现象发生的原因是，当空气上升时，周围的压力降低，使得空气膨胀。随着它的膨胀，它对周围环境做功，而这个过程需要能量，这来自于空气本身的内能，导致温度下降。干绝热温度递减率的重要性在于它对天气模式和大气稳定性的影响。例如，如果一个气团被抬升，并且以干绝热温度递减率降温，它可能最终会达到一个点，在这个点上它会变得饱和，无法再容纳更多的水蒸气。在这一点上，进一步的冷却将导致凝结，形成云。这种转变标志着干燥与湿润绝热过程之间的变化，湿润绝热过程的递减率通常约为6°C/km，因为在凝结过程中释放了潜热。气象学家使用干绝热温度递减率来预测天气变化和理解大气动力学。例如，在分析大气稳定性时，他们将环境递减率（即实际温度随高度变化的速率）与干绝热温度递减率进行比较。如果环境递减率大于干绝热温度递减率，则大气被认为是不稳定的，可能会导致对流和风暴的发展。相反，如果环境递减率小于干绝热温度递减率，则大气是稳定的，抑制垂直运动和云的形成。在实际应用中，理解干绝热温度递减率可以帮助飞行员、工程师和户外爱好者在安全和操作方面做出明智的决策。例如，在飞行时，飞行员必须了解空气温度如何随着高度的变化而迅速变化，特别是在穿越大气不同层次时的上升或下降。同样，徒步旅行者和登山者需要考虑由于海拔引起的温度变化如何影响他们的装备和体力消耗水平。总之，干绝热温度递减率是气象学中的一个基本概念，描述了未饱和空气在上升时如何冷却。其大约值为9.8°C/km，在天气预测、大气稳定性以及航空和户外活动的实际应用中都发挥着重要作用。通过掌握这一概念，个人可以更好地理解我们大气中的复杂相互作用及其对日常天气模式的影响。理解干绝热温度递减率不仅增强了我们对气象现象的认识，也为我们提供了应对不断变化的环境条件所需的工具。