presuppositions

简明释义

英[ˌpriːsəˈpɒzɪʃənz]美[ˌpriːsəˈpɑːzɪʃənz]

预设

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In the next chapters, we shall explore the implications of revelation for epistemology: the roles of presuppositions, reason and logic, and theological systems.

下面几章，我们将探索启示在知识论中的涵义；我们将从预设、理性、逻辑的角色，以及神学系统等角度来讨论。

2.We were teaching you this method with all these principles and presuppositions all semester long.

我们一整个学期都在教给你们这种方法，及所有这些原则和假定。

3.RESULTS Hypothesis tests for the presuppositions of the univariate ANOVA with repeated measures were given, and a proper software named rep was implemented.

结果给出了重复观测数据一元方差分析的假定条件检验方法，并用软件REP得以实现。

4.You have made several unjustified presuppositions.

你作了一些毫无根据的假设。

5.EMH is established on the following three presuppositions: rational investor, efficient market and random walk process.

EMH是建立在理性投资者、市场有效和随机游走过程这三个核心前提假定基础上的。

6.There are two basic types of presuppositions: semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition.

预设有语义预设和语用预设两种基本类型。

7.All premises of an inference can be regarded as presuppositions of the inference.

推理的全部前提可以看作这一推理的预设。

8.As an important subject in pragmatics, presuppositions can be used in news language for its characteristics.

作为语言学，特别是语用学中的一个重要话题，预设现象由于其自身特点可以应用在新闻语言中。

9.In order to solve the problem, we must first identify our underlying presuppositions.

为了解决这个问题，我们必须首先识别我们的基本假设。

10.When conducting research, it's crucial to acknowledge your presuppositions to avoid bias.

在进行研究时，承认你的假设至关重要，以避免偏见。

11.The debate revealed many presuppositions about the nature of justice.

辩论揭示了关于正义本质的许多前提假设。

12.Her argument is based on several questionable presuppositions that need to be addressed.

她的论点基于几个有争议的前提假设，需要解决。

13.The teacher asked the students to examine their presuppositions before writing their essays.

老师让学生在写论文之前审视他们的前提假设。

作文

In the realm of communication, understanding the underlying assumptions that shape our conversations is crucial. One such concept that plays a significant role in this process is presuppositions. The term presuppositions refers to the implicit beliefs or assumptions that speakers and listeners bring into a conversation. These are often taken for granted and not explicitly stated, yet they profoundly influence how messages are interpreted. For instance, when someone says, 'John stopped smoking,' it presupposes that John used to smoke. This assumption is vital for the listener to grasp the full meaning of the statement. Without recognizing these presuppositions, misunderstandings can easily occur.The importance of presuppositions extends beyond mere conversation; it is also critical in writing. When crafting an essay or a story, writers often rely on shared knowledge and common experiences that their audience is expected to understand. This reliance on presuppositions allows writers to convey complex ideas succinctly. For example, if a writer states, 'The team celebrated their victory with a grand party,' it presupposes that there was a competition and that the team won. Readers familiar with the context will easily fill in these gaps, allowing for a smoother reading experience.However, presuppositions can also lead to challenges, especially when the assumptions made by the speaker or writer are not shared by the audience. In a multicultural society, what is considered a common assumption in one culture might be completely foreign in another. For instance, a statement like 'She is going to have a baby' presupposes that the person being referred to is pregnant, which may not be understood or accepted in all contexts. Thus, awareness of presuppositions is essential for effective communication across diverse groups.Moreover, presuppositions play a vital role in critical thinking and argumentation. When analyzing arguments, it is important to identify the presuppositions that underlie the claims being made. For example, in a debate about environmental policies, one might encounter the argument, 'If we do not act now, future generations will suffer.' This statement presupposes that future generations will exist and that their suffering is a consequence of current actions. Recognizing these presuppositions allows individuals to critically evaluate the strength of the argument and its implications.In conclusion, presuppositions are an integral part of communication, whether spoken or written. They shape our understanding and interpretation of information, enabling us to engage with complex ideas efficiently. However, they also pose challenges, particularly in cross-cultural contexts where assumptions may differ. By becoming more aware of our own presuppositions and those of others, we can enhance our communication skills, foster better understanding, and engage in more meaningful dialogues. Ultimately, recognizing the power of presuppositions can lead to clearer communication and more profound connections between individuals.

在交流的领域中，理解塑造我们对话的潜在假设至关重要。一个在这个过程中起着重要作用的概念是预设。术语预设指的是说话者和听众在对话中带入的隐含信念或假设。这些通常被视为理所当然，并未明确陈述，但它们深刻影响信息的解读。例如，当有人说：“约翰戒烟了”，这就预设了约翰以前吸烟。这个假设对听众理解陈述的完整意义至关重要。如果不认识到这些预设，误解就容易发生。预设的重要性不仅限于简单的对话；它在写作中也至关重要。当撰写一篇文章或故事时，作者通常依赖于共享的知识和观众预期理解的共同经验。这种对预设的依赖使得作者能够简洁地传达复杂的思想。例如，如果作者说：“团队以盛大的派对庆祝胜利”，这就预设了有一场比赛，且团队获胜。熟悉上下文的读者将轻松填补这些空白，从而实现更流畅的阅读体验。然而，预设也可能导致挑战，特别是当说话者或作者所做的假设与观众不一致时。在多元文化社会中，一个文化中被视为共同假设的内容在另一个文化中可能完全陌生。例如，像“她要生孩子了”这样的陈述预设了被提及的人怀孕，而这在所有上下文中可能并不被理解或接受。因此，意识到预设对于跨不同群体的有效沟通至关重要。此外，预设在批判性思维和论证中也发挥着重要作用。在分析论点时，识别支撑所提出主张的预设是非常重要的。例如，在关于环境政策的辩论中，人们可能会遇到这样的论点：“如果我们现在不采取行动，未来的世代将遭受痛苦。”这一陈述预设了未来的世代将存在，并且他们的痛苦是当前行为的结果。识别这些预设使个人能够批判性地评估论点的力量及其影响。总之，预设是沟通的一个不可或缺的部分，无论是口头还是书面。它们塑造了我们对信息的理解和解释，使我们能够高效地参与复杂的思想讨论。然而，它们也带来了挑战，特别是在假设可能不同的跨文化背景中。通过更加意识到我们自己的预设以及他人的预设，我们可以提高我们的沟通技巧，促进更好的理解，并进行更有意义的对话。最终，认识到预设的力量可以导致更清晰的沟通和个体之间更深刻的联系。