cold brittleness

简明释义

冷脆性

英英释义

例句

1.The engineer warned that the metal could exhibit cold brittleness 冷脆性 at low temperatures, making it unsuitable for winter construction.

工程师警告说，这种金属在低温下可能表现出冷脆性 冷脆性，因此不适合冬季施工。

2.During the inspection, we noticed signs of cold brittleness 冷脆性 in the pipes, which could lead to failures in freezing conditions.

在检查过程中，我们注意到管道中有冷脆性 冷脆性的迹象，这可能导致在冰冻条件下发生故障。

3.Manufacturers must test for cold brittleness 冷脆性 to ensure that their products can withstand harsh winter conditions.

制造商必须测试冷脆性 冷脆性以确保他们的产品能够承受严酷的冬季条件。

4.The research revealed that certain alloys are prone to cold brittleness 冷脆性, which limits their use in cold environments.

研究表明，某些合金容易出现冷脆性 冷脆性，这限制了它们在寒冷环境中的使用。

5.The plastic material showed cold brittleness 冷脆性 when exposed to temperatures below zero, making it fragile and easy to break.

这种塑料材料在零度以下的温度下表现出冷脆性 冷脆性，使其变得脆弱且易于断裂。

作文

In the world of materials science, understanding the properties of various substances is crucial for their effective application. One such property that often comes into play is cold brittleness. This term refers to the tendency of certain materials to become brittle and fracture when exposed to low temperatures. The phenomenon of cold brittleness can significantly impact the performance and safety of materials used in construction, manufacturing, and other industries.When temperatures drop, some materials lose their ductility, which is the ability to deform without breaking. For instance, metals such as steel can exhibit cold brittleness under extreme cold conditions. This is particularly concerning in regions where temperatures can fall drastically during winter months. Engineers and architects must take this property into account when designing structures that will be exposed to harsh climates. Failure to do so can result in catastrophic failures, such as bridges collapsing or pipelines bursting due to the sudden brittleness of the materials involved.The underlying cause of cold brittleness lies in the microstructure of materials. At elevated temperatures, the atomic structure of metals allows for more movement and flexibility. However, as temperatures decrease, the atoms in the material become less mobile, leading to a more rigid structure. This rigidity can create stress concentrations within the material, making it more susceptible to cracking and failure when subjected to loads or impacts.To mitigate the effects of cold brittleness, engineers often select materials that are known for their toughness at low temperatures. For example, certain alloys and composites are designed specifically to retain their ductility even in frigid conditions. Additionally, heat treatment processes can enhance the toughness of materials, allowing them to withstand lower temperatures without becoming brittle.Another important aspect of cold brittleness is its relevance in the field of safety. In industries such as aerospace and automotive, where components are often exposed to extreme temperatures, understanding how materials behave under cold conditions is essential. Manufacturers conduct rigorous testing to ensure that their products can perform reliably in a variety of environments. This includes simulating low-temperature conditions to observe how materials respond and to identify any potential risks associated with cold brittleness.Furthermore, the concept of cold brittleness extends beyond just metals. Various polymers and plastics can also exhibit this property. For instance, certain types of plastic may become fragile and prone to cracking when exposed to cold temperatures. This is particularly relevant in applications such as outdoor furniture or equipment that must endure winter weather. Choosing the right materials for these applications is vital to ensure longevity and functionality.In conclusion, cold brittleness is a critical factor in materials science that affects the performance and safety of various substances in low-temperature environments. By understanding this property, engineers and designers can make informed decisions about material selection and design strategies. As technology advances, ongoing research into the behavior of materials at different temperatures will continue to enhance our ability to create safer and more reliable products for a wide range of applications. Recognizing the implications of cold brittleness is essential for anyone involved in the fields of engineering, manufacturing, and construction, as it plays a significant role in ensuring the integrity of structures and components under challenging conditions.

在材料科学的世界中，理解各种物质的特性对于其有效应用至关重要。其中一个常常涉及的特性是冷脆性。这个术语指的是某些材料在低温下变得脆弱并发生断裂的倾向。冷脆性现象可能会显著影响建筑、制造和其他行业中材料的性能和安全性。当温度下降时，一些材料失去其延展性，即在不破裂的情况下变形的能力。例如，钢铁等金属在极寒条件下可能表现出冷脆性。这在冬季气温骤降的地区尤为令人担忧。工程师和建筑师必须考虑这一特性，以设计将暴露于恶劣气候中的结构。如果未能做到这一点，可能会导致灾难性的失败，例如桥梁坍塌或管道爆裂，因为所涉及材料的突然脆弱性。冷脆性的根本原因在于材料的微观结构。在高温下，金属的原子结构允许更多的运动和灵活性。然而，随着温度降低，材料中的原子变得不那么活跃，导致结构更加坚硬。这种刚性可能在材料内部产生应力集中，使其在承受负载或冲击时更容易出现裂纹和故障。为了减轻冷脆性的影响，工程师通常选择在低温下已知具有韧性的材料。例如，某些合金和复合材料专门设计用于在寒冷条件下保持其延展性。此外，热处理工艺可以增强材料的韧性，使其在低温下不会变得脆弱。冷脆性的另一个重要方面是它在安全领域的相关性。在航空航天和汽车等行业中，组件经常暴露于极端温度，了解材料在寒冷条件下的行为至关重要。制造商进行严格的测试，以确保其产品能够在各种环境中可靠地运行。这包括模拟低温条件，以观察材料的反应，并识别与冷脆性相关的潜在风险。此外，冷脆性的概念不仅限于金属。各种聚合物和塑料也可以表现出这一特性。例如，某些类型的塑料在暴露于低温时可能变得脆弱并容易开裂。这在户外家具或必须经受冬季天气的设备等应用中特别相关。选择这些应用的合适材料对确保其耐用性和功能性至关重要。总之，冷脆性是材料科学中的一个关键因素，它影响低温环境中各种物质的性能和安全性。通过理解这一特性，工程师和设计师可以在材料选择和设计策略上做出明智的决策。随着技术的进步，持续研究材料在不同温度下的行为将继续增强我们创造更安全、更可靠产品的能力，适用于广泛的应用。认识到冷脆性的影响对于任何参与工程、制造和建筑领域的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它在确保结构和组件在挑战性条件下的完整性方面发挥着重要作用。