cotinine

简明释义

英[ˈkɒtəˌniːn]美[kətɪˈnaɪn]

可铁宁

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The subjects also provided urine so the researchers could measure the amount of nicotine and its metabolites, like cotinine, for an objective record of their exposure to cigarette smoke.

这一项目中还包括尿检，因此研究人员还可以测量尿中尼古丁及其代谢物的含量（如可铁宁），这样会得到有关他们处于烟雾中时的情况的比较客观的记录。

2.The blood tests check for cotinine- a byproduct of nicotine that usually is detectable for up to four to five days.

验血检查cotinine——一种尼古丁的副产品通常四到五天可被发觉。

3.But even after controlling for this factor, he found that the greater the levels of cotinine, the greater likelihood that the subject would show signs of psychological distress.

然而，在这些干扰因素得到控制后，他还是发现，随着尼古丁含量的升高，被试显示出心里困扰的几率也随之增大。

4.A reversed phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in human hair.

以庚烷磺酸钠为离子对试剂，建立了同时测定头发中尼古丁和可天宁含量的反相离子对高效液相色谱方法。

5.In their study, the researchers tested blood for cotinine, a chemical which is produced when nicotine is metabolized, so they got an objective measure of how much smoke the teenagers were exposed to.

在研究中，研究人员对血液进行了可替宁测试。可替宁是尼古丁的代谢产物，这样他们就可以客观地衡量青少年吸入的二手烟的数量。

6.In their study, the researchers tested blood for cotinine, a chemical which is produced when nicotine is metabolized, so they got an objective measure of how much smoke the teenagers were exposed to.

在研究中，研究人员对血液进行了可替宁测试。可替宁是尼古丁的代谢产物，这样他们就可以客观地衡量青少年吸入的二手烟的数量。

7.The 40 people with undetectable levels of nicotine and cotinine were classified as nonsmokers;

40位未检出尼古丁和可替宁的志愿者被归类为“非烟民”；

8.Research has shown that menthol cigarettes may provide higher levels of carbon monoxide, nicotine and cotinine per cigarette smoked than regular cigarettes.

研究表明，吸一根含薄荷醇的烟比吸一根一般的烟所摄取的一氧化碳，尼古丁和可替宁量更多。

9.They found that there was no level of nicotine or cotinine that did not also correlate with genetic abnormalities.

他们发现零尼古丁或可替宁水平也与基因异常不相关。

10.Doctors often test for cotinine in patients who are suspected of smoking.

医生通常会在怀疑吸烟的患者中检测可替宁。

11.Passive smokers may also show detectable cotinine levels in their system.

被动吸烟者的体内也可能显示出可检测的可替宁水平。

12.Some researchers study cotinine levels to understand smoking cessation methods.

一些研究人员研究可替宁水平以了解戒烟方法。

13.A high level of cotinine in the blood can be a sign of nicotine addiction.

血液中高水平的可替宁可能是尼古丁成瘾的迹象。

14.The presence of cotinine indicates recent tobacco use.

存在可替宁表明最近使用了烟草。

作文

Cotinine is a fascinating compound that plays a significant role in understanding tobacco consumption and its effects on human health. As a metabolite of nicotine, cotinine (尼古丁代谢物) is produced when the body breaks down nicotine after it is absorbed through smoking or other forms of tobacco use. This makes cotinine an essential biomarker for assessing tobacco exposure and dependence. Researchers have found that measuring levels of cotinine in biological samples, such as blood, urine, or saliva, can provide valuable insights into an individual's smoking habits and the extent of their addiction to nicotine. The importance of cotinine extends beyond merely identifying smokers. It has been instrumental in public health studies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs. For instance, studies have shown that individuals who successfully quit smoking exhibit a significant decrease in cotinine levels over time. This correlation not only helps in assessing the success of cessation interventions but also serves as a motivational factor for individuals trying to quit. Knowing that cotinine levels will drop as they abstain from smoking can encourage smokers to persist in their efforts to quit.Moreover, cotinine has been used in various epidemiological studies to investigate the health risks associated with secondhand smoke exposure. By measuring cotinine levels in non-smokers, researchers can determine the extent of their exposure to tobacco smoke and its potential health implications. This research has highlighted the dangers of passive smoking, leading to stronger regulations and public awareness campaigns aimed at protecting non-smokers from the harmful effects of tobacco.Interestingly, cotinine also has a longer half-life than nicotine, which means it stays in the body longer and can be detected for days after tobacco use. This characteristic makes it a more reliable marker for assessing long-term exposure to tobacco products. In contrast, nicotine levels fluctuate rapidly based on recent smoking activity, making it a less effective measure for understanding overall tobacco use patterns.In addition to its role in research and public health, cotinine has also captured the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Some studies are exploring the potential of cotinine as a therapeutic agent in treating nicotine addiction. By understanding how cotinine interacts with the brain's receptors, scientists hope to develop new medications that could help individuals quit smoking more effectively.In conclusion, cotinine is not just a simple byproduct of nicotine metabolism; it is a vital tool in the fight against tobacco addiction and its associated health risks. Its applications in research, public health, and potential therapeutic developments underscore its significance in our understanding of tobacco use. As we continue to learn more about cotinine, we move closer to developing more effective strategies for reducing tobacco-related harm and promoting healthier lifestyles. The ongoing exploration of cotinine will undoubtedly contribute to the broader goal of a smoke-free society, benefiting future generations and improving public health outcomes worldwide.

尼古丁代谢物是一个引人入胜的化合物，在理解烟草消费及其对人类健康的影响方面发挥着重要作用。作为尼古丁的代谢产物，cotinine（尼古丁代谢物）是当身体在吸收尼古丁后分解它时产生的。这使得cotinine成为评估烟草暴露和依赖的重要生物标志物。研究人员发现，测量生物样本中cotinine的水平，如血液、尿液或唾液，可以提供有关个人吸烟习惯和尼古丁成瘾程度的宝贵见解。cotinine的重要性超越了简单识别吸烟者的范围。它在评估戒烟项目有效性的公共卫生研究中发挥了重要作用。例如，研究表明，成功戒烟的个体在一段时间内cotinine水平显著下降。这种相关性不仅有助于评估戒烟干预的成功，还可以作为个体戒烟努力的激励因素。知道随着戒烟，cotinine水平会下降，可以鼓励吸烟者坚持戒烟。此外，cotinine还用于各种流行病学研究，以调查二手烟暴露相关的健康风险。通过测量非吸烟者的cotinine水平，研究人员可以确定他们对烟草烟雾的暴露程度及其潜在的健康影响。这项研究突显了被动吸烟的危险，促使更严格的法规和公众意识活动，以保护非吸烟者免受烟草的有害影响。有趣的是，cotinine的半衰期比尼古丁长，这意味着它在体内停留的时间更长，并且在吸烟后几天内仍可被检测到。这一特性使其成为评估长期烟草暴露的更可靠标志物。相反，尼古丁水平根据最近的吸烟活动迅速波动，因此作为了解整体烟草使用模式的测量工具效果较差。除了在研究和公共卫生中的作用，cotinine还引起了制药行业的兴趣。一些研究正在探索cotinine作为治疗尼古丁成瘾的潜在药物的可能性。通过理解cotinine如何与大脑的受体相互作用，科学家希望开发出新的药物，以帮助个体更有效地戒烟。总之，cotinine不仅仅是尼古丁代谢的简单副产品；它是抗击烟草成瘾及其相关健康风险的重要工具。它在研究、公共卫生和潜在治疗开发中的应用强调了它在我们理解烟草使用中的重要性。随着我们继续深入了解cotinine，我们将更接近于制定更有效的策略，以减少与烟草相关的危害并促进更健康的生活方式。对cotinine的持续探索无疑将有助于实现无烟社会的更广泛目标，造福未来几代人并改善全球公共健康成果。