Bretton Woods Monetary System

简明释义

布雷顿森林货币体系

英英释义

例句

1.The collapse of the Bretton Woods Monetary System 布雷顿森林货币体系 in the early 1970s marked a significant shift in global finance.

1970年代初期，布雷顿森林货币体系的崩溃标志着全球金融的重大转变。

2.The establishment of the Bretton Woods Monetary System 布雷顿森林货币体系 in 1944 aimed to promote economic stability after World War II.

1944年建立的布雷顿森林货币体系旨在促进二战后的经济稳定。

3.Many economists believe that the Bretton Woods Monetary System 布雷顿森林货币体系 laid the foundation for modern international trade.

许多经济学家认为，布雷顿森林货币体系为现代国际贸易奠定了基础。

4.Countries participating in the Bretton Woods Monetary System 布雷顿森林货币体系 agreed to maintain fixed exchange rates.

参与布雷顿森林货币体系的国家同意维持固定汇率。

5.During the Bretton Woods Monetary System 布雷顿森林货币体系, currencies were pegged to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold.

在布雷顿森林货币体系期间，各国货币与美元挂钩，而美元可以兑换黄金。

作文

The Bretton Woods Monetary System was a landmark arrangement established in 1944 during a conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. This system was designed to create a stable international monetary framework following the devastation of World War II. The primary aim of the Bretton Woods Monetary System was to promote economic stability and prevent the competitive devaluations that had contributed to the Great Depression in the 1930s. At its core, the system established fixed exchange rates between major currencies and the US dollar, which was pegged to gold. This meant that countries agreed to convert their currencies into dollars at a fixed rate, and the dollar could be exchanged for gold at a rate of $35 per ounce.The significance of the Bretton Woods Monetary System cannot be overstated. It was instrumental in fostering economic cooperation among nations and laid the groundwork for the modern global economy. By establishing a framework for stable exchange rates, the system facilitated international trade and investment, contributing to the post-war economic boom. Countries were encouraged to maintain their currency values within a narrow band around the fixed exchange rates, which helped to stabilize the global economy.However, the Bretton Woods Monetary System faced several challenges over the years. One of the main issues was the increasing imbalance in the US balance of payments. As the United States emerged as the world's dominant economic power, it began to run trade deficits, which put pressure on the dollar's value. Additionally, the fixed exchange rate system limited the ability of countries to adjust their monetary policies in response to domestic economic conditions. This rigidity became increasingly problematic as economies experienced different cycles of growth and inflation.By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the strains on the Bretton Woods Monetary System became untenable. Many countries began to doubt the US's ability to maintain the dollar's convertibility into gold, leading to a loss of confidence in the system. In 1971, President Richard Nixon announced the suspension of the dollar's convertibility into gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods Monetary System. This move led to the transition to a system of floating exchange rates, where currencies are valued based on supply and demand in the global market.In retrospect, the Bretton Woods Monetary System was a significant experiment in international monetary cooperation. While it ultimately collapsed, the principles established during the Bretton Woods Conference continue to influence global economic governance today. Institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created during this period, and they play crucial roles in providing financial assistance and promoting economic stability worldwide.In conclusion, the Bretton Woods Monetary System was an ambitious attempt to create a stable and cooperative global monetary order. Although it faced numerous challenges and eventually came to an end, its legacy continues to shape international finance and economic policy. Understanding the history and impact of the Bretton Woods Monetary System is essential for anyone interested in the dynamics of global economics and the evolution of international financial systems.

1944年在新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林召开的一次会议上建立了Bretton Woods Monetary System（布雷顿森林货币体系），这是一个具有里程碑意义的安排。该体系旨在为二战后恢复稳定的国际货币框架。Bretton Woods Monetary System的主要目标是促进经济稳定，防止导致1930年代大萧条的竞争性贬值。其核心是建立主要货币与美元之间的固定汇率，而美元则与黄金挂钩。这意味着各国同意以固定汇率将其货币兑换成美元，而美元可以按每盎司35美元的价格兑换黄金。Bretton Woods Monetary System的重要性不容小觑。它在促进国家间经济合作方面发挥了重要作用，并为现代全球经济奠定了基础。通过建立稳定汇率的框架，该体系促进了国际贸易和投资，为战后经济繁荣做出了贡献。各国被鼓励在固定汇率的窄幅区间内维持其货币价值，这有助于稳定全球经济。然而，Bretton Woods Monetary System在多年来面临着若干挑战。其中一个主要问题是美国国际收支的不平衡。随着美国成为全球主导经济大国，开始出现贸易逆差，这对美元的价值施加了压力。此外，固定汇率体系限制了各国根据国内经济状况调整货币政策的能力。这种僵化在经济经历不同增长和通胀周期时变得越来越成问题。到1960年代末和1970年代初，Bretton Woods Monetary System所承受的压力变得不可持续。许多国家开始怀疑美国是否能够维持美元与黄金的可兑换性，导致对该体系的信心下降。1971年，尼克松总统宣布暂停美元与黄金的可兑换性，实际上结束了Bretton Woods Monetary System。这一举措导致了向浮动汇率体系的过渡，在这种体系中，货币的价值基于全球市场的供求关系。回顾过去，Bretton Woods Monetary System是国际货币合作的一次重要实验。尽管最终崩溃，但布雷顿森林会议期间建立的原则仍然影响着今天的全球经济治理。国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行等机构正是在这一时期成立的，它们在提供金融援助和促进全球经济稳定方面发挥着关键作用。总之，Bretton Woods Monetary System是创造一个稳定和合作的全球货币秩序的雄心勃勃的尝试。虽然它面临着众多挑战并最终结束，但它的遗产继续塑造国际金融和经济政策。理解Bretton Woods Monetary System的历史和影响，对于任何对全球经济动态和国际金融体系演变感兴趣的人来说，都是至关重要的。