boundary layer

简明释义

边界层附面层

英英释义

例句

1.In aerodynamics, understanding the boundary layer can help engineers design more efficient aircraft.

在空气动力学中，理解边界层可以帮助工程师设计更高效的飞机。

2.The boundary layer plays a significant role in heat transfer processes in engineering applications.

在工程应用中，边界层在热传递过程中起着重要作用。

3.The thickness of the boundary layer affects the drag force experienced by objects moving through a fluid.

在流体中移动的物体所经历的阻力受边界层厚度的影响。

4.In meteorology, the boundary layer refers to the lowest part of the atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.

在气象学中，边界层指的是大气中最低的部分，天气现象在此发生。

5.The concept of the boundary layer is crucial in fluid dynamics, as it describes the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface.

在流体动力学中，边界层的概念至关重要，因为它描述了靠近边界表面的流体层。

作文

The concept of the boundary layer is fundamental in fluid dynamics and plays a critical role in various engineering applications. In essence, a boundary layer refers to the thin region of fluid that is in immediate contact with a solid surface, where the effects of viscosity are significant. This layer is crucial because it influences how fluids behave when they flow over surfaces, such as air over an airplane wing or water over a ship's hull.One of the key characteristics of a boundary layer is that it develops due to the no-slip condition at the surface of the solid. This means that the fluid particles in the boundary layer adhere to the surface, resulting in a velocity gradient. As you move away from the surface, the velocity of the fluid increases until it reaches the free stream velocity, where the effects of viscosity become negligible. Understanding this gradient is essential for predicting drag forces and optimizing designs in aerodynamics and hydrodynamics.There are two primary types of boundary layers: laminar and turbulent. A laminar boundary layer occurs when the fluid flows in smooth, parallel layers, while a turbulent boundary layer is characterized by chaotic fluctuations and mixing. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow is influenced by factors such as surface roughness and flow velocity. Engineers must consider these factors when designing vehicles, as a turbulent boundary layer can lead to increased drag but also enhanced mixing, which can be beneficial in certain contexts, such as combustion.In practical applications, the study of boundary layers is vital in fields such as aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. For example, in the design of aircraft, engineers must analyze the boundary layer to minimize drag and improve fuel efficiency. Similarly, in civil engineering, understanding the boundary layer can help mitigate erosion around structures like bridges and dams.Moreover, the boundary layer concept extends beyond just fluid dynamics. It can also apply to thermal boundary layers, where temperature gradients occur near surfaces. In heat exchange applications, such as radiators or heat exchangers, managing the thermal boundary layer is crucial for maximizing efficiency and performance.In summary, the boundary layer is a pivotal concept in understanding fluid behavior and its interaction with solid surfaces. Its implications are vast, affecting everything from the design of everyday vehicles to large-scale engineering projects. By mastering the principles surrounding the boundary layer, engineers and scientists can innovate and optimize systems across various domains, ultimately contributing to advancements in technology and sustainability. Therefore, the study of boundary layers remains an essential area of research in fluid dynamics and engineering disciplines.

边界层的概念在流体动力学中是基础性的，并在各种工程应用中发挥着关键作用。简单来说，边界层指的是与固体表面直接接触的薄层流体，其中粘度的影响是显著的。这个层次至关重要，因为它影响流体在表面上流动时的行为，例如空气在飞机机翼上流动或水在船体上流动。边界层的一个关键特征是，由于固体表面的无滑移条件而发展。这意味着位于边界层中的流体颗粒附着于表面，导致速度梯度的形成。当你从表面向外移动时，流体的速度增加，直到达到自由流速，在这个点上粘度的影响变得微不足道。理解这个梯度对于预测阻力和优化气动和水动力设计至关重要。边界层主要有两种类型：层流和湍流。当流体以平滑、平行的层流动时，就会出现层流边界层；而湍流边界层则以混乱的波动和混合为特征。层流转变为湍流的过程受表面粗糙度和流速等因素的影响。工程师在设计车辆时必须考虑这些因素，因为湍流边界层可能导致阻力增加，但在某些情况下，如燃烧中，增强的混合也可能是有益的。在实际应用中，边界层的研究在航空航天工程、机械工程和环境工程等领域至关重要。例如，在飞机设计中，工程师必须分析边界层以最小化阻力并提高燃油效率。同样，在土木工程中，理解边界层可以帮助减轻桥梁和大坝等结构周围的侵蚀。此外，边界层的概念不仅限于流体动力学。它还可以应用于热边界层，其中温度梯度发生在表面附近。在热交换应用中，例如散热器或热交换器，管理热边界层对于最大化效率和性能至关重要。总之，边界层是理解流体行为及其与固体表面相互作用的关键概念。它的影响广泛，涉及从日常车辆设计到大型工程项目的方方面面。通过掌握围绕边界层的原理，工程师和科学家可以在各个领域进行创新和优化系统，最终促进技术和可持续性的发展。因此，边界层的研究仍然是流体动力学和工程学科的重要研究领域。