mitochondria

简明释义

英[ˌmaɪtəʊˈkɒndrɪə]美[ˌmaɪto'kɑndrɪr]

n. 线粒体（mitochondrion 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.As a result of the early gene bombardment from mitochondria, the mutation rate surely shot through the roof.

早期线粒体基因狂轰滥炸的结果，就是突变率高到爆棚。

2.Mitochondria are small structures inside cells which convert the energy in glucose into a form that a cell's machinery can use.

线粒体是细胞里的微型物质，能将葡萄糖里的能量转换成对一种细胞机体有用的形式。

3.Mitochondria are former bacteria that were enslaved eons ago to generate energy for larger cells.

线粒体的前身是细菌，在数亿万年前它们的任务是为更大的细胞提供能量。

4.The mitochondria of the autistic children also leaked damaging oxygen-rich chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide.

自闭症儿童的线粒体还释放一些富氧化学物质，例如过氧化氢。

5.They don’t have mitochondria.

这些生物没有线粒体。

6.Lymphocytes, like nerve cells, use a lot of energy and thus rely heavily on their mitochondria.

淋巴细胞和神经细胞一样需要很多能量，因此很大程度依赖于线粒体。

7.Testing members of families, they confirmed, as expected, that none of a father's mitochondria are passed on to his children.

他们还证实，在对家庭成员进行测试之后发现，没有一位父亲的线粒体会遗传给后代，这与先前的预期完全一致。

8.They studied the effect of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a phospholipase C inhibitor, on ischemic injury to brain mitochondria in rats.

他们研究了磷脂酶C抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟对大鼠脑线粒体缺血性损伤的作用。

9.It seems this reactivation also allows the mitochondria to stimulate apoptosis.

表面上看，线粒体的重新激活同样会促进凋亡发生。

10.Some genetic disorders are linked to dysfunctional mitochondria.

一些遗传性疾病与功能失调的线粒体有关。

11.The energy production in our cells largely depends on the function of mitochondria.

我们细胞中的能量生产在很大程度上依赖于线粒体的功能。

12.Exercise increases the number of mitochondria in muscle cells.

锻炼增加了肌肉细胞中线粒体的数量。

13.Researchers are studying how mitochondria can affect aging.

研究人员正在研究线粒体如何影响衰老。

14.The process of cellular respiration occurs within the mitochondria.

细胞呼吸的过程发生在线粒体内。

作文

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. This nickname stems from their critical role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. The structure of mitochondria is unique; they have a double membrane, with the inner membrane folded into structures known as cristae. These folds increase the surface area available for chemical reactions, which is essential for ATP production. In essence, mitochondria convert the energy stored in food into a form that the cell can use. The process by which mitochondria generate ATP is known as oxidative phosphorylation. It involves a series of reactions that take place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. During these reactions, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. This process not only highlights the importance of mitochondria in energy production but also illustrates how cells manage their energy needs efficiently.In addition to energy production, mitochondria play a vital role in other cellular processes. They are involved in regulating the cell cycle, cell growth, and programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. This indicates that mitochondria are not just energy producers but also key players in maintaining cellular health and function. Dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, studies have shown that mitochondria are involved in the aging process, suggesting that they could be a target for therapies aimed at extending lifespan and improving health in old age.Interestingly, mitochondria have their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA found in the cell's nucleus. This mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally and can provide insights into evolutionary biology and population genetics. The presence of mtDNA supports the endosymbiotic theory, which posits that mitochondria originated from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. This symbiotic relationship allowed for more efficient energy production, paving the way for the evolution of complex multicellular organisms.In conclusion, understanding mitochondria is crucial for appreciating how cells function and maintain their energy balance. Their role extends far beyond mere ATP production; they are integral to various metabolic pathways and cellular processes. As research continues to uncover the complexities of mitochondria, it becomes increasingly clear that these organelles are central to our understanding of health, disease, and the very mechanisms of life itself.

线粒体通常被称为细胞的“动力源”。这个绰号源于它们在产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）方面的关键作用，ATP是细胞的能量货币。线粒体的结构独特；它们有双层膜，内膜折叠成称为嵴的结构。这些褶皱增加了化学反应可用的表面积，这对ATP的生产至关重要。简而言之，线粒体将存储在食物中的能量转化为细胞可以使用的形式。线粒体生成ATP的过程称为氧化磷酸化。它涉及一系列发生在线粒体内膜上的反应。在这些反应中，电子通过一系列蛋白质复合体转移，最终导致ATP的产生。这个过程不仅突显了线粒体在能量生产中的重要性，还说明了细胞如何高效地管理其能量需求。除了能量生产，线粒体在其他细胞过程中也扮演着重要角色。它们参与调节细胞周期、细胞生长和程序性细胞死亡，称为凋亡。这表明线粒体不仅仅是能量生产者，还是维持细胞健康和功能的关键角色。功能失调的线粒体可能导致各种疾病，包括帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病。此外，研究表明，线粒体参与衰老过程，暗示它们可能是旨在延长寿命和改善老年健康的治疗目标。有趣的是，线粒体有自己的DNA，这与细胞核中的核DNA不同。这种线粒体DNA（mtDNA）是母系遗传的，可以提供有关进化生物学和种群遗传学的见解。mtDNA的存在支持内共生理论，该理论认为线粒体起源于被祖先真核细胞吞噬的自由生活细菌。这种共生关系使得更高效的能量生产成为可能，为复杂多细胞生物的进化铺平了道路。总之，理解线粒体对于欣赏细胞如何运作和维持其能量平衡至关重要。它们的作用远不止于简单的ATP生产；它们是各种代谢途径和细胞过程的核心。随着研究不断揭示线粒体的复杂性，越来越清楚的是，这些细胞器在我们理解健康、疾病以及生命机制本身中占据中心地位。