transmembrane

简明释义

英[trænzˈmembreɪn]美[trænsˈmembreɪn]

adj. 横跨膜的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.It is the extracellular domain that binds neurotransmitters. The transmembrane domain forms an ion channel.

胞外域结合神经递质。跨膜域形成离子通道。

2.In the left ventricular band, transmembrane potentials of the ventricular myocardial, purkinje and transitional fiber were recorded.

在左心室条束可记录到心室肌细胞、浦肯野纤维和移行细胞的跨膜静息电位和动作电位。

3.It is easy to foul the substrated membrane at higher transmembrane pressure difference.

高压跨膜差下涂膜容易造成基膜的污染；

4.Objective To study the influence of the cell density on the vitality and the transmembrane voltage of the permeablized K562cells.

目的研究细胞浓度变化对穿孔K562细胞活力和膜电压的影响。

5.CD44 is a widely distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein and functions as the major hyaluronan receptor on most cell types.

CD 44的是一种广泛分布I型跨膜糖蛋白其在大多数细胞类型中的主要功能作为透明质酸受体。

6.It was a secretory protein, contained 2 transmembrane domain.

为分泌蛋白，含有2个跨膜结构。

7.The effects of vagal and sympathetic nerves on the transmembrane potentials of cardiac ventricular cells of toad were observed.

为观察迷走和交感神经对蟾蜍心室肌细胞跨膜电位的影响，以微电极技术引导心室肌细胞电位。

8.The transmembrane electrochemical gradients generated by the enzyme was the primary force for the transmembrane transports.

由该酶产生的跨膜电化学梯度是物质跨膜运输的原初动力。

9.Antibodies can be designed to target specific transmembrane 跨膜 proteins on cancer cells.

抗体可以被设计为针对癌细胞上的特定transmembrane 跨膜蛋白。

10.Mutations in transmembrane 跨膜 receptors can lead to various diseases.

在transmembrane 跨膜受体中的突变可能导致各种疾病。

11.The protein acts as a transmembrane 跨膜 channel, allowing ions to pass through the cell membrane.

该蛋白质作为一个transmembrane 跨膜通道，允许离子通过细胞膜。

12.The transmembrane 跨膜 domain is essential for the function of many membrane proteins.

对于许多膜蛋白的功能来说，transmembrane 跨膜区域是必不可少的。

13.Researchers are studying transmembrane 跨膜 proteins to understand their role in cell signaling.

研究人员正在研究transmembrane 跨膜蛋白，以了解它们在细胞信号传导中的作用。

作文

In the realm of cellular biology, the term transmembrane refers to proteins that span across the cell membrane, playing crucial roles in various cellular functions. These transmembrane proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer of the membrane, allowing them to interact with both the extracellular environment and the cytoplasm of the cell. Understanding the function and structure of transmembrane proteins is essential for comprehending how cells communicate and respond to their surroundings.One of the most significant functions of transmembrane proteins is their role as receptors. They can detect signaling molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, which bind to the exterior part of the protein. This binding triggers a series of intracellular events that lead to a specific response from the cell. For instance, when insulin binds to its transmembrane receptor on the surface of a muscle cell, it initiates a cascade of reactions that ultimately results in the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream. Such interactions underscore the importance of transmembrane proteins in maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolic processes.Additionally, transmembrane proteins serve as channels or transporters that facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the cell membrane. These proteins ensure that essential nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, can enter the cell while also allowing waste products to exit. For example, the sodium-potassium pump is a well-known transmembrane protein that actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, which is vital for maintaining the cell's electrochemical gradient.Moreover, the structure of transmembrane proteins is uniquely designed to accommodate their functions. Typically, these proteins possess hydrophobic regions that interact with the lipid bilayer, allowing them to remain embedded within the membrane. The arrangement of these hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions enables transmembrane proteins to create selective pathways for molecules to pass through. This selectivity is crucial for the cell's ability to maintain its internal environment, a concept known as selective permeability.Furthermore, recent research has highlighted the importance of transmembrane proteins in disease mechanisms. Mutations or malfunctions in these proteins can lead to various health issues, including diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders. For instance, certain mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein disrupt chloride ion transport, resulting in the symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis. Thus, studying transmembrane proteins not only enhances our understanding of cellular functions but also opens avenues for developing targeted therapies.In conclusion, transmembrane proteins are integral components of cellular membranes that facilitate communication, transport, and signaling within and outside the cell. Their diverse functions and unique structures make them essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental changes. As research continues to uncover the complexities of these proteins, our understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms will undoubtedly deepen, paving the way for innovative medical advancements.

在细胞生物学领域，术语transmembrane指的是跨越细胞膜的蛋白质，这些蛋白质在各种细胞功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些transmembrane蛋白嵌入在膜的脂双层中，使它们能够与细胞外环境和细胞质相互作用。理解transmembrane蛋白的功能和结构对于理解细胞如何与周围环境进行交流和反应至关重要。transmembrane蛋白最重要的功能之一是作为受体的角色。它们可以检测信号分子，如激素或神经递质，这些分子与蛋白质的外部部分结合。这种结合触发了一系列细胞内事件，导致细胞产生特定反应。例如，当胰岛素与肌肉细胞表面的transmembrane受体结合时，它会启动一系列反应，最终导致从血液中摄取葡萄糖。这种相互作用突显了transmembrane蛋白在维持体内平衡和调节代谢过程中的重要性。此外，transmembrane蛋白还充当通道或转运体，促进离子和分子穿过细胞膜的运动。这些蛋白确保必需的营养物质，如葡萄糖和氨基酸，可以进入细胞，同时也允许废物产品排出。例如，钠钾泵是一种著名的transmembrane蛋白，它主动将钠离子从细胞中运输出去，并将钾离子运输入细胞，这对维持细胞的电化学梯度至关重要。此外，transmembrane蛋白的结构独特设计以适应其功能。通常，这些蛋白具有与脂双层相互作用的疏水区域，使它们能够保持嵌入膜内。这些疏水和亲水区域的排列使得transmembrane蛋白能够为分子通过创造选择性通道。这种选择性对于细胞保持其内部环境至关重要，这一概念被称为选择性通透性。此外，最近的研究强调了transmembrane蛋白在疾病机制中的重要性。这些蛋白的突变或功能失常可能导致各种健康问题，包括糖尿病、癌症和神经系统疾病。例如，囊性纤维化转运调节因子（CFTR）蛋白的某些突变会干扰氯离子的运输，导致与囊性纤维化相关的症状。因此，研究transmembrane蛋白不仅增强了我们对细胞功能的理解，还为开发靶向疗法开辟了途径。总之，transmembrane蛋白是细胞膜的组成部分，促进细胞内外的交流、运输和信号传导。它们多样的功能和独特的结构使其对维持细胞内环境和响应环境变化至关重要。随着研究继续揭示这些蛋白的复杂性，我们对生物过程和疾病机制的理解无疑会加深，从而为创新医疗进展铺平道路。