amorphous solid

简明释义

非晶体

英英释义

例句

1.Silica gel is often used as a desiccant due to its amorphous solid properties that allow it to absorb moisture.

硅胶因其无定形固体的特性而常被用作干燥剂，能够吸收水分。

2.The amorphous solid state of certain polymers contributes to their flexibility and durability.

某些聚合物的无定形固体状态使其具有灵活性和耐用性。

3.When heated, an amorphous solid like rubber can become pliable and moldable.

当加热时，像橡胶这样的无定形固体可以变得柔韧且可塑。

4.Glass is an example of an amorphous solid, which means it lacks a defined crystalline structure.

玻璃是一个无定形固体的例子，这意味着它缺乏明确的晶体结构。

5.In contrast to crystalline solids, amorphous solids do not have a long-range order.

与晶体固体相反，无定形固体没有长程有序结构。

作文

In the world of materials science, understanding the different states of matter is crucial. Among these states, solids are often categorized into two main types: crystalline and non-crystalline. The latter is what we refer to as an amorphous solid (无定形固体). Unlike crystalline solids, which have a well-ordered structure and distinct geometric shapes, amorphous solids lack this long-range order. This absence of a defined structure gives them unique properties that differentiate them from their crystalline counterparts.One of the most common examples of amorphous solids is glass. When silica is heated to high temperatures and then cooled rapidly, it forms a solid that does not crystallize. This process results in a material that is transparent and brittle, yet it possesses remarkable versatility. The irregular arrangement of atoms in amorphous solids allows them to have different optical and thermal properties compared to crystalline materials. For instance, glass can be molded into various shapes and sizes, making it an essential material in architecture and art.Another significant characteristic of amorphous solids is their isotropic nature. This means that their physical properties, such as strength and refractive index, are the same in all directions. In contrast, crystalline solids can exhibit anisotropic behavior, where properties vary depending on the direction of measurement. This isotropy in amorphous solids can be advantageous in applications where uniformity is required, such as in certain types of polymers used in packaging and coatings.The mechanical properties of amorphous solids are also noteworthy. They tend to be more flexible than crystalline solids, which can make them less prone to fracture under stress. This flexibility is particularly beneficial in applications like rubber and certain types of plastics, where durability and resilience are paramount. However, this same flexibility can lead to challenges in processing and manufacturing, as amorphous solids may behave unpredictably under certain conditions.Furthermore, the thermal behavior of amorphous solids is distinct from that of crystalline materials. They do not have a sharp melting point; instead, they soften over a range of temperatures. This property is critical in industries that require precise thermal management, such as electronics and aerospace, where materials must withstand varying temperatures without losing integrity.In conclusion, amorphous solids (无定形固体) play a vital role in modern technology and materials science. Their unique characteristics, including the lack of long-range order, isotropic properties, and distinct thermal behavior, make them invaluable in a wide array of applications. As research continues to explore the potential of amorphous solids, we can expect to see even more innovative uses for these fascinating materials in the future.