allowable working stress

简明释义

许用工作应力

英英释义

例句

1.The allowable working stress 允许工作应力 must be documented in the project specifications.

项目规范中必须记录允许工作应力。

2.The allowable working stress 允许工作应力 for concrete is typically lower than that for steel.

混凝土的允许工作应力通常低于钢材的。

3.The engineer calculated the allowable working stress 允许工作应力 for the steel beams to ensure safety.

工程师计算了钢梁的允许工作应力以确保安全。

4.In designing the bridge, we must consider the allowable working stress 允许工作应力 of the materials used.

在设计桥梁时，我们必须考虑所用材料的允许工作应力。

5.Before construction, the architect verified the allowable working stress 允许工作应力 to avoid structural failures.

在施工前，建筑师验证了允许工作应力以避免结构故障。

作文

Understanding the concept of allowable working stress is crucial for engineers and architects when designing structures. The term refers to the maximum stress that a material can withstand under normal working conditions without experiencing failure or yielding. This concept is foundational in ensuring that structures are safe and reliable throughout their intended lifespan.In engineering, materials are subjected to various forces and loads during their service life. These loads can be static, like the weight of the building itself, or dynamic, such as wind or seismic activity. To ensure safety, engineers must calculate the allowable working stress for each material used in the construction process. This calculation takes into account factors such as the material's strength, the type of load it will bear, and safety factors that account for uncertainties in material properties and loading conditions.The allowable working stress is typically derived from the material's yield strength or ultimate strength. For example, steel has a high yield strength, which allows it to carry heavy loads without deforming. However, engineers often apply a safety factor to this strength to determine the allowable working stress. This safety factor accounts for potential flaws in the material, unexpected loads, and other variables that could affect performance. By using a conservative approach, engineers can ensure that structures remain safe even under unforeseen circumstances.Moreover, the allowable working stress varies depending on the type of material being used. For instance, concrete has different properties compared to steel, and thus its allowable working stress must be calculated differently. In concrete design, engineers often use a compressive strength value to determine the allowable working stress, while in steel design, tensile and compressive stresses are considered. This differentiation is essential because it impacts how structures are designed and constructed.In addition to material properties, environmental factors also play a significant role in determining the allowable working stress. For example, structures located in seismic zones must have a lower allowable working stress to account for the potential forces generated by earthquakes. Similarly, structures exposed to corrosive environments may require a reduction in allowable working stress due to the degradation of material properties over time.Understanding and applying the concept of allowable working stress is not only vital for structural integrity but also for economic efficiency. By accurately calculating the allowable working stress, engineers can optimize material usage, reduce costs, and minimize waste. This balance between safety and cost-effectiveness is essential in today’s construction industry, where budgets are often tight, and the demand for sustainable practices is increasing.In conclusion, the concept of allowable working stress serves as a cornerstone in the field of engineering and architecture. It ensures that structures can safely withstand the loads they encounter while allowing for efficient use of materials. As engineers continue to innovate and push the boundaries of design, a thorough understanding of allowable working stress will remain essential in creating safe, durable, and economically viable structures.

理解可允许工作应力的概念对于工程师和建筑师在设计结构时至关重要。这个术语指的是材料在正常工作条件下可以承受的最大应力，而不会发生失效或屈服。这个概念是确保结构在其预期寿命内安全可靠的基础。在工程中，材料在其服务生命周期内会受到各种力量和负荷。这些负荷可以是静态的，比如建筑本身的重量，或者是动态的，例如风或地震活动。为了确保安全，工程师必须计算每种用于施工过程的材料的可允许工作应力。这个计算考虑了材料的强度、它将承受的负荷类型以及考虑到材料特性和负荷条件不确定性的安全系数。可允许工作应力通常是从材料的屈服强度或极限强度得出的。例如，钢材具有高屈服强度，使其能够承受重负荷而不变形。然而，工程师通常会对这种强度应用安全系数，以确定可允许工作应力。这个安全系数考虑了材料中的潜在缺陷、意外负荷和可能影响性能的其他变量。通过采用保守的方法，工程师可以确保结构在不可预见的情况下仍然安全。此外，可允许工作应力因所用材料的类型而异。例如，混凝土与钢材具有不同的性质，因此其可允许工作应力必须以不同的方式计算。在混凝土设计中，工程师通常使用抗压强度值来确定可允许工作应力，而在钢材设计中，则考虑拉伸和压缩应力。这种区分至关重要，因为它影响结构的设计和建造。除了材料特性，环境因素在确定可允许工作应力中也起着重要作用。例如，位于地震带的结构必须降低可允许工作应力，以考虑地震产生的潜在力量。同样，暴露于腐蚀性环境中的结构可能需要降低可允许工作应力，因为材料特性可能随着时间的推移而退化。理解和应用可允许工作应力的概念不仅对结构完整性至关重要，而且对经济效率也很重要。通过准确计算可允许工作应力，工程师可以优化材料使用，降低成本，并最小化浪费。在今天的建筑行业中，这种安全与成本效益之间的平衡至关重要，因为预算往往紧张，对可持续实践的需求也在增加。总之，可允许工作应力的概念在工程和建筑领域中作为基石，确保结构能够安全承受所遇到的负荷，同时允许高效使用材料。随着工程师不断创新并推动设计的边界，对可允许工作应力的透彻理解将继续在创造安全、耐用和经济可行的结构中发挥重要作用。