aliphatic hydrocarbon

简明释义

脂肪族烃

英英释义

例句

1.The fuel we use in cars is primarily made from aliphatic hydrocarbons.

我们在汽车中使用的燃料主要由脂肪烃组成。

2.The solvent used in this paint is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, which makes it less toxic.

这款油漆中使用的溶剂是脂肪烃，这使得它的毒性较低。

3.Many cleaning products contain aliphatic hydrocarbons as a primary ingredient.

许多清洁产品将脂肪烃作为主要成分。

4.In organic chemistry, aliphatic hydrocarbons are classified into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

在有机化学中，脂肪烃被分为烷烃、烯烃和炔烃。

5.Researchers are studying the effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons on marine life.

研究人员正在研究脂肪烃对海洋生物的影响。

作文

The study of organic compounds is a vast field that encompasses various categories of molecules. One important group within this field is known as aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in straight or branched chains, or in non-aromatic rings. These structures differ significantly from aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain conjugated pi bonds and typically exhibit more complex behaviors. Understanding aliphatic hydrocarbons is crucial for numerous applications in chemistry and industry.Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be classified into three main types: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms. Common examples include methane (CH4) and octane (C8H18). These compounds are often used as fuels; for instance, methane is a primary component of natural gas, making it a vital energy source worldwide.On the other hand, alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, characterized by the presence of double and triple bonds, respectively. Alkenes follow the formula CnH2n, while alkynes follow CnH2n-2. Ethylene (C2H4) and acetylene (C2H2) are well-known examples of alkenes and alkynes, respectively. These compounds play essential roles in the production of plastics and other synthetic materials, showcasing the versatility of aliphatic hydrocarbons in industrial applications.The physical properties of aliphatic hydrocarbons vary widely based on their molecular structure. Generally, lower molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons are gases at room temperature, such as methane and ethane. As the chain length increases, these compounds transition into liquids and eventually solids. For example, decane (C10H22) is a liquid at room temperature, while higher alkanes like paraffin wax are solid.In terms of reactivity, aliphatic hydrocarbons exhibit different behaviors depending on their saturation level. Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of double and triple bonds, which can participate in various chemical reactions, including addition reactions. This reactivity is harnessed in many chemical processes, such as polymerization, where small molecules combine to form larger, more complex structures.Moreover, aliphatic hydrocarbons are not just limited to laboratory studies; they are found extensively in nature. For instance, many natural oils and fats consist of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The biological significance of these compounds cannot be overstated, as they serve as energy sources and structural components in living organisms.In conclusion, aliphatic hydrocarbons represent a fundamental category of organic compounds with diverse structures and applications. From serving as key ingredients in fuels and plastics to playing critical roles in biological systems, their importance in both chemistry and industry is undeniable. A thorough understanding of aliphatic hydrocarbons allows scientists and engineers to innovate and develop new materials and technologies that can benefit society as a whole.

有机化合物的研究是一个广泛的领域，涵盖了各种类别的分子。其中一个重要的类别被称为脂肪烃，它们是由碳和氢原子组成的化合物，这些原子以直链或支链的形式排列，或者以非芳香环的形式存在。这些结构与芳香烃显著不同，后者含有共轭π键，通常表现出更复杂的行为。理解脂肪烃对于化学和工业中的众多应用至关重要。脂肪烃可以分为三种主要类型：烷烃、烯烃和炔烃。烷烃是饱和烃，意味着它们只含有碳原子之间的单键。它们的一般公式是CnH2n+2，其中'n'代表碳原子的数量。常见的例子包括甲烷（CH4）和辛烷（C8H18）。这些化合物通常用作燃料；例如，甲烷是天然气的主要成分，使其成为全球重要的能源来源。另一方面，烯烃和炔烃是未饱和烃，以双键和三键为特征。烯烃遵循公式CnH2n，而炔烃遵循CnH2n-2。乙烯（C2H4）和乙炔（C2H2）是烯烃和炔烃的知名例子。这些化合物在塑料和其他合成材料的生产中发挥着重要作用，展示了脂肪烃在工业应用中的多样性。脂肪烃的物理性质因其分子结构而异。一般来说，较低分子量的脂肪烃在室温下为气体，如甲烷和乙烷。随着链长度的增加，这些化合物会转变为液体，最终成为固体。例如，癸烷（C10H22）在室温下为液体，而较高的烷烃如石蜡则为固体。在反应性方面，脂肪烃的行为因其饱和程度而异。由于烯烃和炔烃具有双键和三键，它们比烷烃更具反应性，这些键可以参与各种化学反应，包括加成反应。这种反应性在许多化学过程中得到利用，例如聚合反应，其中小分子结合形成更大、更复杂的结构。此外，脂肪烃不仅限于实验室研究；它们在自然界中广泛存在。例如，许多天然油脂和脂肪由长链脂肪烃组成。这些化合物在生物学上的重要性不容小觑，因为它们作为能量来源和生物体内的结构成分。总之，脂肪烃代表了一类基本的有机化合物，具有多样的结构和应用。从作为燃料和塑料的关键成分到在生物系统中发挥关键作用，它们在化学和工业中的重要性是不容否认的。深入理解脂肪烃使科学家和工程师能够创新并开发出可以造福社会的新材料和技术。