implicatures

简明释义

英[ɪmplɪkətʃəz]美[ɪmplɪkɛtʃərz]

含义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Grice (1957) defined conventional implicatures as inferences that are simply attached by convention to particular lexical items or expressions.

认为，常规含意是指不依赖语境而根据特定语言表达形式推导出的含意。

2.John Searle, often includes conversational implicatures.

——John Searle常将对话的隐含意义包括在这个概念下。

3.Poetic effect refers to the peculiar effect of an utterance which achieves most of its relevance through a wide array of weak implicatures.

诗性效果是话语通过一系列广泛的弱暗含来实现其大部分关联而获得的一种独特的语境效果。

4.However, deliberate floutings or non-observances of the principle and its maxims will lead to particularized conversational implicatures.

但是对合作原则和子准则的故意违背却会便产生特殊会话含义。

5.In the instructions, teachers should first teach conventional indirect speech acts and implicatures, and then teach non-conventional speech acts and implicatures.

在课堂教学中，教师应该首先教授规约性间接言语行为和话语隐含义，然后教授非规约性间接言语行为和话语隐含义。

6.It plays a crucial role in keeping harmonious social relationships by substituting taboos and conveying implicatures.

它在替代禁忌语，传递话语言外之意，维护社会人际关系的和谐等方面起了重要作用。

7.In the instructions, teachers should first teach conventional indirect speech acts and implicatures, and then teach non-conventional speech acts and implicatures.

在课堂教学中，教师应该首先教授规约性间接言语行为和话语隐含义，然后教授非规约性间接言语行为和话语隐含义。

8.When a teacher says, 'Some students are not paying attention,' the implicatures 暗示 that they are addressing the whole class.

当老师说，'有些学生没有注意听'时，这句话的implicatures 暗示他们是在对整个班级讲话。

9.During the meeting, when the manager said, 'We might need to reconsider our strategy,' the implicatures 暗示 that there were issues with the current plan.

在会议上，当经理说，'我们可能需要重新考虑我们的战略'时，这句话的implicatures 暗示当前计划存在问题。

10.In a conversation, if one person asks, 'Can you pass the salt?' and the other responds with 'Sure,' the implicatures 暗示 that they are willing to help.

在一次对话中，如果一个人问，'你能把盐递给我吗？'而另一个人回答'当然可以'，那么这句话的implicatures 暗示他们愿意提供帮助。

11.If a friend says, 'I could use some help with this project,' the implicatures 暗示 they are asking for assistance.

如果一个朋友说，'我需要一些帮助来完成这个项目'，这句话的implicatures 暗示他们在请求帮助。

12.When someone says, 'It's getting late,' the implicatures 暗示 that they want to leave.

当某人说，'天色晚了'，这句话的implicatures 暗示他们想要离开。

作文

In the study of linguistics, understanding the concept of implicatures is crucial for effective communication. Implicatures refer to the meanings that are implied but not explicitly stated in conversation. This nuanced aspect of language allows speakers to convey additional information without having to articulate every detail. For instance, if someone says, 'It’s getting late,' the implicature might be that they want to leave or that the conversation should come to an end. This ability to infer meaning based on context and shared knowledge is what makes human communication rich and complex.The philosopher H.P. Grice introduced the theory of implicature in the 1970s, emphasizing how speakers often rely on conversational maxims to guide their interactions. These maxims include quantity, quality, relation, and manner. When a speaker flouts one of these maxims, it can create a implicature that adds depth to the conversation. For example, if a friend asks whether you enjoyed a movie and you reply, 'The popcorn was great,' you are implying that the movie itself was not enjoyable, even though you did not state it outright. This indirect way of communicating is essential in social interactions, where politeness and subtlety are valued.Moreover, implicatures can vary greatly depending on cultural contexts. In some cultures, directness is appreciated, while in others, indirect communication is preferred. Understanding these differences is vital for effective cross-cultural communication. For instance, in many Asian cultures, saying 'no' directly may be considered rude, so individuals might use implicatures to express disagreement more subtly. This highlights the importance of being aware of the context in which communication occurs and the potential for misunderstanding when implicatures are not recognized.In academic writing, the concept of implicatures can also play a significant role. Researchers must be careful to articulate their arguments clearly while also being mindful of the implicatures that their wording may convey. A statement such as 'This study suggests a correlation between X and Y' carries an implicature that further research is needed to establish causation. Thus, scholars must navigate the delicate balance between clarity and the implicit meanings that their language may hold.Furthermore, the use of implicatures extends beyond spoken language into written forms, such as literature and poetry. Authors often employ implicatures to enrich their narratives, allowing readers to engage with the text on a deeper level. For example, a character's reluctance to discuss a particular event may carry an implicature about their feelings or past experiences, prompting readers to read between the lines and draw their conclusions.In conclusion, the concept of implicatures is integral to understanding human communication. It allows for a richness of expression that goes beyond the literal meanings of words. By recognizing and analyzing implicatures, we can enhance our comprehension of conversations, improve our intercultural interactions, and appreciate the subtleties in literature. As we continue to explore the intricacies of language, the role of implicatures will undoubtedly remain a significant area of interest for linguists, educators, and communicators alike.

在语言学研究中，理解隐含意义的概念对于有效沟通至关重要。隐含意义指的是在对话中暗示但未明确表达的含义。这种语言的细微差别使说话者能够传达额外信息，而无需详细阐述每一个细节。例如，如果有人说：“时间不早了”，其隐含意义可能是他们想要离开或者谈话应该结束。这种基于上下文和共享知识推断意义的能力，使人类沟通变得丰富而复杂。哲学家H.P.格赖斯在20世纪70年代引入了隐含意义理论，强调说话者通常依赖会话准则来指导他们的互动。这些准则包括数量、质量、关系和方式。当说话者违反这些准则时，可能会产生一种隐含意义，为对话增添深度。例如，如果一个朋友问你是否喜欢一部电影，而你回答：“爆米花很好”，你实际上是在暗示这部电影并不有趣，尽管你没有直接表述。这种间接的沟通方式在社交互动中至关重要，因为礼貌和微妙性受到重视。此外，隐含意义在不同文化背景下可能大相径庭。在一些文化中，直接性受到赞赏，而在其他文化中，间接沟通则更受欢迎。理解这些差异对于有效的跨文化交流至关重要。例如，在许多亚洲文化中，直接说“不”可能被视为粗鲁，因此个人可能会使用隐含意义更微妙地表达不同意见。这突显了了解沟通发生的上下文以及在未识别隐含意义时可能导致误解的重要性。在学术写作中，隐含意义的概念也可以发挥重要作用。研究人员必须小心清晰地阐述他们的论点，同时注意他们措辞可能传达的隐含意义。例如，“这项研究表明X与Y之间存在相关性”这一陈述包含了一个隐含意义，即需要进一步研究以建立因果关系。因此，学者们必须在清晰度和他们的语言可能持有的隐含意义之间找到微妙的平衡。此外，隐含意义的使用不仅限于口头语言，还延伸到书面形式，如文学和诗歌。作者经常使用隐含意义来丰富他们的叙事，使读者能够更深入地参与文本。例如，一个角色对讨论特定事件的犹豫可能暗示着他们的感受或过去的经历，促使读者在字里行间进行解读并得出自己的结论。总之，隐含意义的概念对于理解人类沟通至关重要。它使表达的丰富性超越了文字的字面意义。通过识别和分析隐含意义，我们可以增强对对话的理解，提高我们的跨文化互动，并欣赏文学中的细微差别。随着我们继续探索语言的复杂性，隐含意义的角色无疑将继续成为语言学家、教育工作者和传播者等关注的重要领域。