polyploid

简明释义

英[ˈpɒlɪˌplɔɪd]美[ˈpɑliplɔɪd]

adj. 多倍的；多倍体的

n. 多倍体；多倍体生物；多倍体细胞

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.A polyploid species; a polyploid cell.

体细胞；多倍体物种。

2.The type of polyploid in Agropyron was not strictly autoploid.

冰草属的多倍体并非严格的同源多倍体。

3.Chromosome reductional grouping happened more frequently in polyploid cells.

染色体减数分组较多发生于多倍体细胞中。

4.Polyploid breeding is one of the important ways to get new varieties.

多倍体育种是获得新品种的重要途径之一。

5.Polyploid plants were short and stout with thick leaves.

多倍体苗叶片厚实、紧凑、植株较矮；

6.A polyploid is a plant with more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

多倍体是具有两套以上染色体的植物。

7.In agriculture, polyploid 多倍体 crops can exhibit improved traits such as disease resistance.

在农业中，多倍体 polyploid 作物可以表现出改良的特性，如抗病能力。

8.Researchers study polyploid 多倍体 organisms to understand how they adapt to different environments.

研究人员研究多倍体 polyploid 生物，以了解它们如何适应不同的环境。

9.The phenomenon of polyploid 多倍体 evolution can lead to speciation in plants.

在植物中，多倍体 polyploid 进化现象可以导致物种形成。

10.Many plants, such as wheat, are known to be polyploid 多倍体, which contributes to their genetic diversity.

许多植物，如小麦，已知是多倍体 polyploid，这有助于它们的遗传多样性。

11.Some fruits, like strawberries, are naturally polyploid 多倍体, resulting in larger sizes and sweeter flavors.

一些水果，如草莓，天然为多倍体 polyploid，因此尺寸更大，味道更甜。

作文

The concept of polyploid organisms is fascinating and significant in the field of genetics and botany. A polyploid organism is one that has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. While most animals and plants are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), polyploid species can exhibit a variety of chromosome numbers, such as triploid (three sets) or tetraploid (four sets). This genetic condition can arise through various mechanisms, including hybridization and errors during cell division.One of the most notable examples of polyploid organisms can be found in the plant kingdom. Many crops that we rely on for food, such as wheat, cotton, and potatoes, are polyploid. The process of polyploidization often leads to larger cell sizes, increased vigor, and greater adaptability to environmental stresses. For instance, bread wheat is a hexaploid, containing six sets of chromosomes, which contributes to its robustness and yield potential compared to its diploid ancestors.The advantages of being polyploid extend beyond mere size. Polyploid plants often display heterosis or hybrid vigor, which means they can outperform their diploid relatives in growth rate, fertility, and resistance to diseases. This phenomenon makes polyploid species particularly valuable in agricultural practices. Farmers and scientists can harness the benefits of polyploid crops to enhance food production and ensure food security in a growing global population.However, the transition to polyploidy is not without challenges. While many polyploid plants thrive, others may face difficulties in reproduction and survival. The irregularities in chromosome pairing during meiosis can lead to reduced fertility, particularly in newly formed polyploid species. Over time, though, many polyploid organisms stabilize their genomes and establish themselves as successful species in their respective ecosystems.In addition to plants, polyploid forms are also observed in some animal species, including certain amphibians and reptiles. These instances are less common but highlight the broad spectrum of polyploid occurrences across different life forms. Research into polyploid animals can provide insights into evolutionary processes and the adaptability of species.Understanding polyploid organisms is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it sheds light on evolutionary biology and the mechanisms driving speciation. Secondly, it has practical applications in agriculture, where breeding programs can create polyploid varieties with desirable traits. Lastly, studying polyploid organisms can enhance our knowledge of genetic diversity and conservation efforts, especially in the face of climate change and habitat loss.In conclusion, polyploid organisms represent a remarkable aspect of biological diversity. Their unique genetic makeup allows them to thrive in various environments and play essential roles in ecosystems. As we continue to explore the world of genetics, the study of polyploid species will undoubtedly yield valuable information that can benefit both science and society. By appreciating the significance of polyploid organisms, we can better understand the complexities of life on Earth and work towards sustainable solutions for the future.

多倍体生物的概念在遗传学和植物学领域中既迷人又重要。polyploid 生物是指具有超过两个完整染色体组的生物。虽然大多数动物和植物是二倍体，意味着它们有两套染色体（分别来自每个父母），但 polyploid 物种可以表现出多种染色体数量，例如三倍体（三套）或四倍体（四套）。这种遗传状态可以通过多种机制产生，包括杂交和细胞分裂过程中的错误。在植物界中，我们可以找到许多显著的 polyploid 生物例子。我们依赖的许多农作物，例如小麦、棉花和土豆，都是 polyploid。polyploidization 的过程通常导致细胞大小增大、活力增加以及对环境压力的适应性增强。例如，面包小麦是一种六倍体，含有六套染色体，这使其相比于二倍体祖先更为强健并具有更高的产量潜力。成为 polyploid 的优势不仅限于体型。polyploid 植物通常表现出杂种优势或杂交活力，这意味着它们在生长速度、生育能力和抗病性方面可能超越其二倍体亲属。这一现象使得 polyploid 物种在农业实践中尤为宝贵。农民和科学家可以利用 polyploid 农作物的优势来提高粮食生产，并确保在不断增长的全球人口中实现粮食安全。然而，转变为 polyploidy 并非没有挑战。虽然许多 polyploid 植物茁壮成长，但其他植物可能在繁殖和生存方面面临困难。由于减数分裂过程中染色体配对的不规则性，特别是在新形成的 polyploid 物种中，这可能导致生育力降低。然而，随着时间的推移，许多 polyploid 生物稳定了它们的基因组，并成功地在各自的生态系统中立足。除了植物，一些动物物种中也观察到 polyploid 形式，包括某些两栖动物和爬行动物。这些实例较少见，但突显了 polyploid 在不同生命形式中的广泛出现。对 polyploid 动物的研究可以提供关于进化过程和物种适应性的见解。理解 polyploid 生物至关重要，原因有几个。首先，它揭示了进化生物学及推动物种形成的机制。其次，它在农业中具有实际应用，育种计划可以创造出具有理想特征的 polyploid 品种。最后，研究 polyploid 生物可以增强我们对遗传多样性和保护工作的认识，尤其是在气候变化和栖息地丧失的背景下。总之，polyploid 生物代表了生物多样性的一个显著方面。它们独特的遗传构成使它们能够在各种环境中生存，并在生态系统中发挥重要作用。随着我们继续探索遗传学的世界，对 polyploid 物种的研究无疑将产生有价值的信息，造福科学和社会。通过欣赏 polyploid 生物的重要性，我们可以更好地理解地球生命的复杂性，并朝着可持续的未来解决方案努力。