absorption cross section

简明释义

吸收横断面

英英释义

例句

1.In astrophysics, the absorption cross section is crucial for understanding how starlight interacts with interstellar gas.

在天体物理学中，吸收截面对于理解星光如何与星际气体相互作用至关重要。

2.The absorption cross section of a molecule determines how effectively it can absorb light at specific wavelengths.

分子的吸收截面决定了它在特定波长下吸收光的有效性。

3.The absorption cross section of a particular isotope can affect its use in nuclear reactors.

特定同位素的吸收截面会影响其在核反应堆中的使用。

4.Chemists often measure the absorption cross section to analyze the concentration of a substance in a solution.

化学家通常测量吸收截面以分析溶液中物质的浓度。

5.Understanding the absorption cross section helps in designing more efficient solar panels.

理解吸收截面有助于设计更高效的太阳能电池板。

作文

The concept of absorption cross section is fundamental in the fields of physics and engineering, particularly in the study of interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter. To understand this term, we must first delve into its components. The 'cross section' refers to an effective area that quantifies the likelihood of a particular interaction occurring when a photon encounters a particle. In essence, it is a measure of how 'large' a particle appears to be to incoming radiation. The larger the absorption cross section, the greater the probability that the photon will be absorbed by the particle rather than being scattered or transmitted. This concept is pivotal in fields such as nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, and atmospheric science.An example of the application of absorption cross section can be found in the study of atmospheric gases. Different gases absorb different wavelengths of light due to their unique molecular structures. For instance, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane have specific absorption cross sections for infrared radiation, which plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance and climate change. By understanding the absorption cross section of these gases, scientists can predict how changes in their concentrations might affect global temperatures.Moreover, in the realm of nuclear reactions, the absorption cross section is vital for understanding how neutrons interact with atomic nuclei. Each nucleus has a distinct absorption cross section that determines the probability of neutron capture. This property is essential for designing nuclear reactors, where controlling the rate of fission reactions is critical for safe and efficient energy production. Engineers rely on precise measurements of the absorption cross section to optimize reactor designs and ensure they operate within safe limits.In addition to its importance in scientific research and engineering applications, the absorption cross section also has implications in medical imaging and treatment. Techniques such as X-ray imaging and radiation therapy depend on the absorption cross section of tissues and tumors. By understanding how different materials absorb radiation, medical professionals can enhance imaging techniques and improve the effectiveness of treatments. For instance, tumors often have different absorption cross sections compared to surrounding healthy tissue, allowing for targeted therapies that minimize damage to healthy cells while maximizing treatment efficacy.In conclusion, the absorption cross section is a crucial parameter that influences various scientific and engineering disciplines. Its applications range from climate science to nuclear energy and medical technology. Understanding how to manipulate and measure the absorption cross section allows researchers and engineers to innovate and solve complex problems. As we continue to advance our knowledge in these fields, the significance of the absorption cross section will only grow, underscoring its role as a cornerstone of modern science and technology.

‘吸收截面’的概念在物理学和工程学领域中是基础性的，特别是在研究电磁辐射与物质相互作用时。要理解这个术语，我们首先必须深入其组成部分。'截面'指的是一个有效面积，用于量化当光子遇到粒子时特定相互作用发生的可能性。本质上，它是衡量粒子对 incoming 辐射的‘大小’的一种方式。吸收截面越大，光子被粒子吸收而不是被散射或透过的概率就越高。这个概念在核物理、量子力学和大气科学等领域至关重要。例如，在大气气体研究中，吸收截面的应用可以找到。不同的气体由于其独特的分子结构而吸收不同波长的光。例如，温室气体如二氧化碳和甲烷对红外辐射具有特定的吸收截面，这在地球能量平衡和气候变化中起着关键作用。通过理解这些气体的吸收截面，科学家们可以预测它们浓度的变化将如何影响全球温度。此外，在核反应领域，吸收截面对于理解中子与原子核的相互作用至关重要。每个原子核都有一个独特的吸收截面，决定了中子捕获的概率。这个属性对于设计核反应堆至关重要，在那里控制裂变反应的速率对于安全和高效的能量生产至关重要。工程师依赖于对吸收截面的精确测量来优化反应堆设计，并确保其在安全范围内运行。除了在科学研究和工程应用中的重要性之外，吸收截面在医学成像和治疗中也有影响。X射线成像和放射治疗等技术依赖于组织和肿瘤的吸收截面。通过理解不同材料如何吸收辐射，医疗专业人员可以增强成像技术并提高治疗效果。例如，肿瘤的吸收截面通常与周围健康组织不同，从而允许针对性疗法，最大限度地减少对健康细胞的损害，同时最大化治疗效果。总之，吸收截面是影响各种科学和工程学科的关键参数。它的应用范围从气候科学到核能和医学技术。理解如何操控和测量吸收截面使研究人员和工程师能够创新和解决复杂问题。随着我们在这些领域知识的不断进步，吸收截面的重要性只会增加，强调其作为现代科学和技术基石的角色。