neutron

简明释义

英[ˈnjuːtrɒn]美[ˈnuːtrɑːn]

n. 中子

复 数 n e u t r o n s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Every other neutron star identified by scientists has been much older.

科学家发现的其他中子星均要比这颗更老。

2.We could do it with a neutron.

我们可以用中子来做。

3.The newly identified neutron star has a unique atmosphere of carbon just centimetres thick.

新发现的这颗中子星只有单一的碳大气层，厚十余厘米。

4.In the same way the proton and neutron should also have their corresponding antiparticles.

同样地，质子和中子也应该有对应的反粒子。

5.So Enrico Fermi called them "a little neutron," in Italian is neutrino.

因此，恩里科·费米把它们叫做‘小中子’，在意大利语中就是中微子的意思。

6.If the conditions are right, they will combine, fuse and form darmstadtium plus neutron.

如果条件合适，它们将结合、聚变，形成鐽中子。

7.It might therefore seem like an easy task to create a 'neutron star' at home.

因而看来在家里制造一个“中子星”也似乎是一个简单的活。

8.During nuclear fission, a neutron can cause the nucleus of an atom to split.

在核裂变过程中，一个中子可以导致原子核的分裂。

9.Scientists use neutrons in neutron scattering experiments to study materials.

科学家在中子散射实验中使用中子来研究材料。

10.In a neutron star, the density is so high that it consists almost entirely of neutrons.

在中子星中，密度如此之高，以至于几乎完全由中子组成。

11.A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

一个中子是存在于原子核中的亚原子粒子。

12.A stable atom has an equal number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

一个稳定的原子在其核中有相等数量的质子和中子。

作文

The world of atomic physics is filled with fascinating concepts that explain the very building blocks of matter. One of the most important particles in this realm is the neutron, which plays a crucial role in the structure of atoms. Understanding what a neutron is, its properties, and its significance can deepen our appreciation for the universe around us.A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, alongside protons. Unlike protons, which carry a positive charge, neutrons are electrically neutral, meaning they have no charge at all. This neutrality is significant because it allows neutrons to contribute to the stability of the atomic nucleus. The forces that hold protons and neutrons together in the nucleus are known as the strong nuclear force, which is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.The existence of neutrons was first proposed by physicist James Chadwick in 1932, who discovered them while conducting experiments with beryllium and alpha particles. This discovery was pivotal, as it provided a clearer understanding of atomic structure. Before the discovery of neutrons, scientists could only account for the mass of an atom through protons, but neutrons added to the complexity and understanding of atomic mass.An interesting aspect of neutrons is their role in isotopes. Isotopes are variants of elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon has several isotopes, including carbon-12, which has six protons and six neutrons, and carbon-14, which has six protons and eight neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons affects the stability and radioactive properties of the isotopes, making them useful in various applications, such as radiocarbon dating in archaeology.Moreover, neutrons are essential in nuclear reactions. In nuclear fission, which is the process used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs, heavy nuclei split into lighter nuclei when bombarded with neutrons. This reaction releases a tremendous amount of energy, highlighting the importance of neutrons in both energy production and weaponry. On the other hand, nuclear fusion, which powers the sun, involves the combining of light nuclei, often facilitated by the presence of neutrons as well.In addition to their scientific significance, neutrons also have practical applications in technology. Neutron scattering techniques are widely used in materials science to study the structure and properties of materials at the atomic level. By bombarding materials with neutrons, researchers can gain insights into the arrangement of atoms and the dynamics of molecular interactions. This knowledge is invaluable in developing new materials and improving existing ones.In conclusion, neutrons are vital components of atomic structure that contribute significantly to the stability and behavior of matter. Their discovery opened up new avenues in physics and chemistry, leading to advancements in various fields, from energy production to materials science. As we continue to explore the mysteries of the universe, the role of neutrons will undoubtedly remain a focal point in our quest for knowledge about the fundamental nature of reality.

原子物理的世界充满了迷人的概念，这些概念解释了物质的基本构成部分。其中一个最重要的粒子就是中子，它在原子的结构中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解中子是什么、它的性质以及它的重要性，可以加深我们对周围宇宙的欣赏。中子是存在于原子核中的亚原子粒子，与质子一起。与带有正电荷的质子不同，中子是电中性的，这意味着它们根本没有电荷。这种中性特性很重要，因为它使得中子能够促进原子核的稳定性。将质子和中子结合在一起的力量被称为强核力，这是自然界四种基本力之一。中子的存在首次由物理学家詹姆斯·查德威克在1932年提出，他在进行铍和α粒子的实验时发现了它们。这一发现具有重要意义，因为它提供了对原子结构更清晰的理解。在发现中子之前，科学家只能通过质子来计算原子的质量，但中子增加了原子质量的复杂性和理解。中子的一个有趣方面是它们在同位素中的作用。同位素是元素的变体，它们具有相同数量的质子但不同数量的中子。例如，碳有几种同位素，包括碳-12，它有六个质子和六个中子，以及碳-14，它有六个质子和八个中子。这种中子数量的差异影响了同位素的稳定性和放射性特性，使它们在各种应用中非常有用，如考古学中的放射性碳定年。此外，中子在核反应中至关重要。在核裂变中，这是核电站和原子弹中使用的过程，当重核被中子轰击时会分裂成较轻的核。这一反应释放出巨大的能量，突显了中子在能源生产和武器制造中的重要性。另一方面，核聚变是太阳的能量来源，它涉及轻核的结合，通常也需要中子的存在。除了科学意义外，中子在技术中也有实际应用。中子散射技术广泛用于材料科学，以研究材料在原子水平上的结构和性质。通过用中子轰击材料，研究人员可以深入了解原子的排列和分子相互作用的动态。这些知识对于开发新材料和改进现有材料至关重要。总之，中子是原子结构的重要组成部分，对物质的稳定性和行为具有重要贡献。它们的发现开辟了物理学和化学的新途径，导致各个领域的进步，从能源生产到材料科学。随着我们继续探索宇宙的奥秘，中子的作用无疑将继续成为我们对现实基本性质的知识追求的焦点。