relative elongation

简明释义

相对伸长

英英释义

例句

1.The engineer calculated the relative elongation 相对伸长率 of the material to determine its ductility.

工程师计算了材料的相对伸长率 relative elongation以确定其延展性。

2.In tensile testing, the relative elongation 相对伸长率 indicates how much a sample can stretch before breaking.

在拉伸测试中，相对伸长率 relative elongation指示样品在断裂前能伸展多少。

3.A high relative elongation 相对伸长率 value is desirable for materials used in construction.

用于建筑材料的高相对伸长率 relative elongation值是可取的。

4.Scientists often measure the relative elongation 相对伸长率 to assess the performance of new materials.

科学家们通常测量相对伸长率 relative elongation以评估新材料的性能。

5.The research focused on the relative elongation 相对伸长率 of polymers under different temperatures.

研究集中于聚合物在不同温度下的相对伸长率 relative elongation。

作文

In the field of material science and engineering, understanding the properties of materials is crucial for various applications. One key concept that often arises in this context is relative elongation, which refers to the measure of how much a material deforms under stress compared to its original length. This concept is essential when evaluating the ductility and tensile strength of materials, especially metals and polymers. Relative elongation is calculated as the change in length divided by the original length, usually expressed as a percentage. For example, if a metal rod originally measures 100 cm and stretches to 105 cm when subjected to a tensile force, the relative elongation would be (105 cm - 100 cm) / 100 cm * 100% = 5%. This indicates that the material has undergone a 5% increase in length due to the applied stress.The significance of relative elongation cannot be understated, especially in industries such as construction, automotive, and aerospace, where material failure can lead to catastrophic consequences. Engineers must ensure that the materials they choose can withstand the expected loads without failing. A high relative elongation value typically suggests that a material can absorb significant energy before fracturing, making it a desirable property for components that experience dynamic loading conditions.Moreover, the relative elongation of a material can also provide insights into its microstructural characteristics. For instance, materials with a fine grain structure tend to exhibit higher relative elongation than those with a coarse grain structure due to the increased number of grain boundaries that impede crack propagation. This relationship highlights the importance of processing techniques, such as heat treatment and alloying, in tailoring the mechanical properties of materials to meet specific requirements.In practical applications, relative elongation is often measured during tensile testing, where a sample is pulled until it breaks. The resulting data not only helps in determining the material's strength but also aids in predicting how it will behave under real-world conditions. For instance, a material with low relative elongation may be suitable for applications requiring rigidity, while one with high relative elongation would be preferred for applications needing flexibility and resilience.In conclusion, relative elongation is a vital parameter in assessing the mechanical performance of materials. It serves as an indicator of a material's ability to deform under stress, providing valuable information for engineers and designers. By understanding and utilizing the concept of relative elongation, professionals can make informed decisions about material selection and application, ultimately leading to safer and more efficient designs. As technology continues to advance, the importance of studying and optimizing relative elongation will only grow, ensuring that materials meet the demands of an ever-evolving landscape of engineering challenges.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的性质对于各种应用至关重要。一个经常出现的关键概念是相对伸长率，它指的是材料在应力下变形的程度与其原始长度相比的度量。这个概念在评估材料的延展性和抗拉强度时尤为重要，尤其是金属和聚合物。相对伸长率的计算方法是长度的变化除以原始长度，通常以百分比表示。例如，如果一根金属杆原本测量为100厘米，并在施加拉伸力后延伸到105厘米，则相对伸长率将为(105厘米 - 100厘米) / 100厘米 * 100% = 5%。这表明该材料在施加应力后经历了5%的长度增加。相对伸长率的重要性不容小觑，特别是在建筑、汽车和航空航天等行业中，材料的失效可能导致灾难性的后果。工程师必须确保他们选择的材料能够承受预期的负载而不会失效。较高的相对伸长率值通常表明材料在断裂之前可以吸收显著的能量，这使其成为经历动态加载条件的组件所需的理想特性。此外，材料的相对伸长率也可以提供有关其微观结构特征的见解。例如，细晶结构的材料往往表现出比粗晶结构的材料更高的相对伸长率，因为增加的晶界数量阻碍了裂纹的传播。这种关系强调了加工技术（如热处理和合金化）在调整材料机械性能以满足特定要求方面的重要性。在实际应用中，相对伸长率通常在拉伸测试过程中测量，在该过程中，样品被拉伸直到断裂。结果数据不仅有助于确定材料的强度，还帮助预测其在现实条件下的行为。例如，具有低相对伸长率的材料可能适用于需要刚性的应用，而具有高相对伸长率的材料则更适合需要灵活性和韧性的应用。总之，相对伸长率是评估材料机械性能的重要参数。它作为材料在应力下变形能力的指示，提供了工程师和设计师宝贵的信息。通过理解和利用相对伸长率的概念，专业人士可以就材料选择和应用做出明智的决策，最终实现更安全和更高效的设计。随着技术的不断进步，研究和优化相对伸长率的重要性只会增加，以确保材料满足不断发展的工程挑战的需求。