poisson's ratio

简明释义

泊松比

英英释义

例句

1.When designing a bridge, engineers must consider the poisson's ratio 泊松比 of the materials used to ensure stability under load.

在设计桥梁时，工程师必须考虑所用材料的poisson's ratio 泊松比 以确保在负载下的稳定性。

2.The material's poisson's ratio 泊松比 indicates how much it will deform in the lateral direction when subjected to axial stress.

材料的poisson's ratio 泊松比 表示在施加轴向应力时，它在横向方向上会变形多少。

3.A poisson's ratio 泊松比 of 0.3 is typical for many metals, which means they expand slightly in width when stretched.

许多金属的poisson's ratio 泊松比 为0.3，这意味着它们在拉伸时宽度会略微扩大。

4.In composite materials, the poisson's ratio 泊松比 can vary widely depending on the constituents and their arrangement.

在复合材料中，poisson's ratio 泊松比 可能因成分及其排列而有很大差异。

5.The poisson's ratio 泊松比 of rubber is typically around 0.5, indicating it can stretch significantly without losing its shape.

橡胶的poisson's ratio 泊松比 通常约为0.5，表明它可以在不失去形状的情况下显著拉伸。

作文

Understanding the concept of poisson's ratio is essential for anyone involved in the fields of engineering and materials science. Poisson's ratio is a measure of the proportional relationship between lateral strain and axial strain when a material is subjected to stress. In simpler terms, it describes how much a material will deform in the perpendicular direction when it is stretched or compressed along one axis. This ratio is critical in predicting the behavior of materials under various load conditions.The formula for calculating poisson's ratio is given by the equation: Poisson's ratio (ν) = - (lateral strain) / (axial strain).This means that when a material is elongated, it tends to become thinner in the other dimensions. The value of poisson's ratio typically ranges from 0 to 0.5 for most materials, with 0.5 indicating that the material is incompressible. For instance, rubber has a high poisson's ratio close to 0.5, which allows it to stretch significantly without losing volume, while metals generally have a lower poisson's ratio around 0.3.Understanding poisson's ratio is not only important for theoretical calculations but also has practical implications in various engineering applications. For example, when designing structures like bridges or buildings, engineers must consider the poisson's ratio of the materials used to ensure stability and safety. If the poisson's ratio is not taken into account, the structure may experience unexpected deformations, leading to potential failures.Moreover, poisson's ratio plays a significant role in finite element analysis, a computational method used to predict how objects react to external forces. By accurately inputting the poisson's ratio of the materials into simulations, engineers can achieve more reliable results, ultimately saving time and resources during the design process.In addition to engineering, poisson's ratio is also relevant in geology and geophysics, particularly in understanding the behavior of rocks and soils under stress. The poisson's ratio of geological materials can influence seismic wave propagation, which is crucial for earthquake engineering and predicting the effects of seismic activities on structures.In conclusion, the concept of poisson's ratio is fundamental in various scientific and engineering disciplines. It provides insights into how materials respond to stress, which is vital for designing safe and efficient structures. By grasping the significance of poisson's ratio, professionals can make informed decisions that enhance the performance and durability of their projects. As technology advances, the importance of understanding material properties, including poisson's ratio, will only continue to grow, underscoring its relevance in modern engineering and science.

理解泊松比这个概念对于任何参与工程和材料科学领域的人来说都是至关重要的。泊松比是一个衡量材料在受力时横向应变与轴向应变之间比例关系的指标。简单来说，它描述了当材料沿一个轴被拉伸或压缩时，材料在垂直方向上会变形多少。这个比率对于预测材料在各种载荷条件下的行为至关重要。计算泊松比的公式为：泊松比 (ν) = - (横向应变) / (轴向应变)。这意味着当材料被拉长时，它在其他维度上往往会变得更薄。大多数材料的泊松比值通常在0到0.5之间，0.5表示材料是不可压缩的。例如，橡胶的泊松比接近0.5，使其能够在不失去体积的情况下显著拉伸，而金属的泊松比一般在0.3左右。理解泊松比不仅对理论计算重要，还有实际应用中的意义。例如，在设计桥梁或建筑物等结构时，工程师必须考虑所用材料的泊松比以确保稳定性和安全性。如果不考虑泊松比，结构可能会经历意想不到的变形，从而导致潜在的故障。此外，泊松比在有限元分析中也发挥着重要作用，这是用于预测物体在外力作用下反应的计算方法。通过准确输入材料的泊松比到模拟中，工程师可以获得更可靠的结果，最终在设计过程中节省时间和资源。除了工程学，泊松比在地质学和地球物理学中也具有相关性，特别是在理解岩石和土壤在应力下的行为方面。地质材料的泊松比可以影响地震波传播，这对于抗震工程和预测地震活动对结构的影响至关重要。总之，泊松比的概念在各种科学和工程学科中都是基础的。它提供了关于材料如何响应应力的见解，这对于设计安全高效的结构至关重要。通过掌握泊松比的重要性，专业人士可以做出明智的决策，从而提高项目的性能和耐久性。随着技术的发展，理解材料特性，包括泊松比，的重要性只会继续增长，凸显了其在现代工程和科学中的相关性。