longitudinal grade

简明释义

纵向坡度

英英释义

例句

1.In railway design, the longitudinal grade affects train speed and fuel efficiency.

在铁路设计中，纵向坡度影响列车速度和燃料效率。

2.The engineer calculated the longitudinal grade to ensure proper drainage on the road.

工程师计算了纵向坡度以确保道路的适当排水。

3.The construction team adjusted the longitudinal grade to comply with safety regulations.

施工团队调整了纵向坡度以遵守安全规定。

4.A steep longitudinal grade can make driving conditions hazardous.

陡峭的纵向坡度会使驾驶条件变得危险。

5.Surveyors often measure the longitudinal grade before beginning a new project.

测量员通常在开始新项目之前测量纵向坡度。

作文

Understanding the concept of longitudinal grade is essential in various fields, especially in engineering and transportation. The term refers to the slope or gradient of a road or railway over a long distance, measured along the direction of travel. This measurement is crucial for ensuring safety, efficiency, and comfort in transportation systems. In this essay, we will explore the significance of longitudinal grade in civil engineering and its impact on vehicle performance and infrastructure design.In civil engineering, the longitudinal grade is a fundamental aspect of road design. Engineers must carefully calculate the slope of a road to facilitate proper drainage and prevent water accumulation. A steep longitudinal grade can lead to hazardous driving conditions, especially in adverse weather. For instance, during heavy rainfall, vehicles may struggle to maintain traction on steep grades, increasing the risk of accidents. Therefore, understanding the optimal longitudinal grade is critical for creating safe roadways that can withstand various environmental conditions.Moreover, the longitudinal grade affects the performance of vehicles. When a vehicle travels uphill on a steep slope, it requires more power and fuel to maintain speed. This increased demand can lead to higher fuel consumption and greater wear on the vehicle's engine. Conversely, traveling downhill on a steep longitudinal grade can cause vehicles to gain excessive speed, making it challenging for drivers to maintain control. To mitigate these issues, engineers often incorporate features such as runaway truck ramps and proper signage to alert drivers about upcoming grades.The design of railways also heavily relies on the concept of longitudinal grade. Trains are particularly sensitive to gradients due to their weight and momentum. A railway with a steep longitudinal grade can limit the types of trains that can safely operate on it and affect scheduling and frequency of service. For example, freight trains, which carry heavy loads, may require additional locomotives to navigate steep grades, increasing operational costs. Therefore, railway engineers must consider longitudinal grade when planning new routes to ensure efficient and safe train operations.Additionally, the longitudinal grade plays a role in the overall user experience of transportation systems. For instance, public transportation systems, such as buses and trams, must navigate various grades to provide reliable service. If a bus route includes steep longitudinal grades, it may result in longer travel times and decreased reliability, leading to passenger dissatisfaction. Thus, urban planners must take longitudinal grade into account when designing transit routes to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public transportation.In conclusion, the concept of longitudinal grade is vital in transportation and civil engineering. It impacts road safety, vehicle performance, railway operations, and user experience. As we continue to develop and improve our transportation infrastructure, understanding and optimizing longitudinal grade will be key to creating a safer and more efficient system for all users. By prioritizing this aspect of design, engineers and planners can ensure that our roads and railways meet the demands of modern transportation while minimizing risks and enhancing performance.

理解纵向坡度的概念在各个领域中都是至关重要的，尤其是在工程和交通运输方面。这个术语指的是沿着行驶方向测量的道路或铁路在长距离上的坡度或倾斜度。这一测量对于确保交通系统的安全、高效和舒适至关重要。在本文中，我们将探讨纵向坡度在土木工程中的重要性，以及它对车辆性能和基础设施设计的影响。在土木工程中，纵向坡度是道路设计的基本方面。工程师必须仔细计算道路的坡度，以便促进适当的排水并防止水积聚。陡峭的纵向坡度可能导致危险的驾驶条件，特别是在恶劣天气下。例如，在大雨期间，车辆可能会在陡峭的坡度上难以保持牵引力，从而增加事故的风险。因此，理解最佳的纵向坡度对于创造能够承受各种环境条件的安全道路至关重要。此外，纵向坡度影响着车辆的性能。当一辆车在陡坡上行驶时，它需要更多的动力和燃料来维持速度。这种增加的需求可能导致更高的燃料消耗和对车辆发动机的更大磨损。相反，在陡峭的纵向坡度上行驶可能导致车辆获得过快的速度，使驾驶员难以保持控制。为了减轻这些问题，工程师通常会加入诸如逃生卡车坡道和适当标志等设施，以提醒驾驶员即将到来的坡度。铁路的设计也高度依赖于纵向坡度的概念。由于列车的重量和动量，列车对坡度特别敏感。具有陡峭纵向坡度的铁路可能限制可以安全运行的列车类型，并影响服务的调度和频率。例如，运输重载的货运列车可能需要额外的机车来穿越陡坡，从而增加运营成本。因此，铁路工程师在规划新路线时必须考虑纵向坡度，以确保高效和安全的列车运营。此外，纵向坡度在交通系统的整体用户体验中也发挥着作用。例如，公共交通系统，如公交车和电车，必须在各种坡度中行驶，以提供可靠的服务。如果公交路线包括陡峭的纵向坡度，可能会导致更长的旅行时间和可靠性下降，从而导致乘客的不满。因此，城市规划者在设计交通路线时必须考虑纵向坡度，以提高公共交通的效率和有效性。总之，纵向坡度的概念在交通和土木工程中至关重要。它影响道路安全、车辆性能、铁路运营和用户体验。随着我们继续发展和改善交通基础设施，理解和优化纵向坡度将是创建一个更安全、更高效的系统的关键。通过优先考虑这一设计方面，工程师和规划者可以确保我们的道路和铁路满足现代交通的需求，同时最大程度地减少风险，提高性能。